Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/52)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

They differed regarding the amount for which amputation is imposed. Most of them held that it is not imposed for less than a quarter of a dinar; if one steals a quarter of a dinar, or property worth a quarter of a dinar, amputation is imposed. This was the view of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali, may Allah be pleased with them. It was also held by Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, al-Awza'i, and al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, based on what Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Kisa'i informed us: Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi' informed us; al-Shafi'i informed us; Ibn Uyaynah informed us, from Ibn Shihab, from Urwah, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Amputation is imposed for a quarter of a dinar and above.” (1)

Abu al-Hasan al-Shirazi informed us: Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus'ab informed us, from Malik, from Nafi', from Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, amputated the hand of a thief for a shield [worth] (2) three dirhams. (3)

It is reported that Uthman amputated the hand of a thief for a citron valued at three dirhams, according to an exchange rate of twelve dirhams to one dinar. This was also the view of Malik, may Allah have mercy on him: amputation is imposed for three dirhams.

Others held that amputation is not imposed for less than one dinar or ten dirhams. This is reported from Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, and was the view adopted by Sufyan al-Thawri and the adherents of legal opinion.

Others said that amputation is imposed only for five dirhams. This is reported from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, and was also the view of Ibn Abi Layla. Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us: Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Umar ibn Hafs ibn Ghiyath informed us; my father informed me; al-A'mash informed us. He said: I heard Abu Salih narrate from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “May Allah curse the thief who steals an egg and has his hand amputated, and steals a rope and has his hand amputated.” (4) Al-A'mash said: They understood this as referring to an iron helmet and a rope, some of which they considered to be worth several dirhams.

Those who maintain that amputation is imposed for an insignificant amount cite this hadith as proof. The majority, however, understand it in accordance with what al-A'mash said (5) ⦗106/b⦘, in light of the hadith of Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her: “And if he steals something that is not kept in secure custody, such as fruit in an orchard with no

(1) Reported by al-Shafi'i in al-Musnad, 2:83; al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Hudud, chapter: “The saying of Allah Most High: ‘As for the male thief and the female thief, cut off their hands’—and the amount for which amputation is prescribed,” 12:96; Muslim in Kitab al-Hudud, chapter on the prescribed punishment for theft and its minimum threshold, no. 1684, 3:1312; and the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:312. (2) In manuscript B: “its value.” (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in the previously cited place, 12:97; Muslim in the same place, no. 1686, 3:1313; and the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:313. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Hudud, chapter on cursing the thief when he is not named, 12:81; Muslim in Kitab al-Hudud, in the previously cited place, no. 1687, 3:1314; and the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:314. (5) The text within the parentheses is added from manuscript B.

وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْقَدْرِ الَّذِي يُقْطَعُ فِيهِ: فَذَهَبَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُقْطَعُ فِي أَقَلِّ مِنْ رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ، فَإِنْ سَرَقَ رُبُعَ دِينَارٍ أَوْ مَتَاعًا قِيمَتُهُ رُبُعُ دِينَارٍ يُقْطَعْ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ وَعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمْ، وَبِهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ وَالشَّافِعِيُّ ﵏، لِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكِسَائِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ أَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "الْقَطْعُ فِي رُبُعِ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الشِّيرَزِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَطَعَ سَارِقًا فِي مِجَنٍّ [ثَمَنُهُ] (٢) ثَلَاثَةُ دَرَاهِمَ (٣) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّهُ قَطَعَ سَارِقًا فِي أُتْرُجَّةٍ قُوِّمَتْ بِثَلَاثَةِ دَرَاهِمَ مِنْ صَرْفِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا بِدِينَارٍ. وَهَذَا قَوْلُ مَالِكٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ يُقْطَعُ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ دَرَاهِمَ. وَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّهُ لَا تُقْطَعُ فِي أَقَلِّ مِنْ دِينَارٍ أَوْ عَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ، يُرْوَى ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ، وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَأَصْحَابُ الرَّأْيِ. وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ لَا يُقْطَعُ إِلَّا فِي خَمْسَةِ دَرَاهِمَ يُرْوَى ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ وَبِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي أَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَعَنَ اللَّهُ السَّارِقَ يَسْرِقُ الْبَيْضَةَ فَتُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ، وَيَسْرِقُ الْحَبْلَ فَتُقْطَعُ يَدُهُ" (٤) وَقَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ: كَانُوا يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ بَيْضُ الْحَدِيدِ وَالْحَبْلُ. يَرَوْنَ أَنَّ مِنْهَا مَا يُسَاوِي دَرَاهِمَ. وَيَحْتَجُّ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَنْ يَرَى الْقَطْعَ فِي الشَّيْءِ الْقَلِيلِ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ الْأَكْثَرِينَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى مَا قاله الأعمش] (٥) ١٠٦/ب لِحَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ "وَإِذَا سَرَقَ شَيْئًا مِنْ غَيْرِ حِرْزٍ كَثَمَرٍ فِي حَائِطٍ لَا

(١) أخرجه الشافعي في المسند: ٢ / ٨٣ والبخاري في الحدود، باب قول الله تعالى: "والسارق والسارقة فاقطعوا أيديهما" وفي كم يقطع؟: ١٢ / ٩٦، ومسلم في الحدود، باب حد السرقة ونصابها، برقم (١٦٨٤) : ٣ / ١٣١٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٣١٢. (٢) في "ب": (قيمته) . (٣) أخرجه البخاري، في الموضع السابق: ١٢ / ٩٧، ومسلم في الموضع نفسه، برقم (١٦٨٦) : ٣ / ١٣١٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة ١٠ / ٣١٣. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الحدود، باب لعن السارق إذا لم يسم: ١٢ / ٨١، ومسلم في الحدود في الموضع السابق برقم (١٦٨٧) : ٣ / ١٣١٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٣١٤. (٥) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب".