Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/82)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

(50—al-Kahf). Thus, he is the progenitor of the jinn, just as Adam is the progenitor of humankind; and because he was created from fire, whereas the angels were created from light; and because he has offspring, while the angels have no offspring. The first view is sounder (1), because the command to prostrate was addressed along with the angels. His saying, “He was of the jinn,” means that he was among the angels who were the keepers of Paradise. Saʿid ibn Jubayr said: among those who work in Paradise. He also said: a group of angels who fashion the jewelry of the inhabitants of Paradise. It is also said that a group of angels were created from fire and were called jinn because they were hidden from sight, and Iblis was one of them. The evidence for this is His saying, exalted is He: “They have posited a kinship between Him and the jinn” (158—al-Saffat)—that is, their claim that the angels are Allah’s daughters. When Allah expelled him from among the angels, He gave him offspring.

His saying, “He refused,” means that he declined and did not prostrate. “And acted arrogantly” means that he deemed himself too great to prostrate before Adam (2). “And became one of the disbelievers” means: he became so. Most commentators said: he was, in Allah’s prior knowledge, among the disbelievers for whom wretchedness had been decreed.

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Samad al-Turabi informed us; Ibn al-Hakim, Abu al-Fadl Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Haddadi, informed us; Abu Yazid Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Khalid informed us; Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Hanzali informed us; Jarir, Wakiʿ, and Abu Muʿawiyah informed us, from al-Aʿmash, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “When the son of Adam recites a verse of prostration and prostrates, Satan withdraws weeping and says, ‘Woe to me! The son of Adam was commanded to prostrate, and he prostrated, so Paradise is his. I was commanded to prostrate, but I disobeyed, so the Fire is mine.’” (3)

His saying, exalted is He, “And We said, ‘O Adam, dwell, you and your wife, in Paradise’”: this was because Adam had no one of his own kind in Paradise to keep him company. So he slept, and Allah created his wife Hawwa from the short rib on his left side. She was called Hawwa because she was created from a living being. Allah created her without Adam perceiving it or feeling any pain; had he felt it, no man would ever have compassion for a woman. When he awoke from his sleep, he saw her seated by his head, as one of the finest of Allah’s creations (4). He said to her, “Who are you?” She replied, “I am your wife. Allah created me for you, that you may find repose in me and I in you” (5). “And eat from it in abundance”: freely and plentifully. “Wherever you both wish”: however, whenever, and wherever you wish. “But do not approach this tree”: that is, in order to eat from it. Some scholars said that the prohibition applied

(1) See al-Tabari, 1:502-508; and al-Wahidi, al-Wasit fi Tafsir al-Quran, 1:82. (2) Added from manuscript B. (3) Narrated by Muslim in the Book of Faith, chapter: “Applying the designation of kufr (disbelief) to one who abandons prayer,” no. 133, 1:87. It was also narrated by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:147. (4) Manuscript B reads: “in the finest form in which Allah created her.” (5) Most works of Quranic exegesis mention this account when interpreting this verse. Abu Hayyan states in al-Bahr al-Muhit, 1:156: “This account contains additional details mentioned by the exegetes, which we shall not prolong by recounting, since neither the purport nor the interpretation of the verse depends upon them.” It should be noted that, regarding these unseen matters, whose knowledge Allah Most High has reserved for Himself and concealed from us, we possess no indication concerning them in authentic texts. Where did this take place? What was the Garden in which Adam and his wife lived for a time? Who were the angels? Who was Iblis? How did Allah address them, and how did they reply? How was Hawwa created? And so forth. All of this requires established textual evidence. Most reports concerning these matters are either open to criticism or belong to the Israiliyyat (Israelite reports). Thus, what the texts have conveyed is sufficient for us, and we entrust knowledge of what lies beyond them to Allah, Glorified and Exalted. See also: Fi Zilal al-Quran, 1:59.

(٥٠-الْكَهْفِ) فَهُوَ أَصْلُ الْجِنِّ كَمَا أَنَّ آدَمَ أَصْلُ الْإِنْسِ، وَلِأَنَّهُ خُلِقَ مِنَ النَّارِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةَ خُلِقُوا مِنَ النُّورِ، وَلِأَنَّ لَهُ ذُرِّيَّةً وَلَا ذُرِّيَّةَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ (١) لِأَنَّ خِطَابَ السُّجُودِ كَانَ مَعَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَقَوْلُهُ "كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ" أَيْ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ الَّذِينَ هُمْ خَزَنَةُ الْجَنَّةِ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: مِنَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَقَالَ: قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ الَّذِينَ يَصُوغُونَ حُلِيَّ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ فِرْقَةً مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ خُلِقُوا مِنَ النَّارِ سُمُّوا جِنًّا لِاسْتِتَارِهِمْ عَنِ الْأَعْيُنِ، وَإِبْلِيسُ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ. وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى "وَجَعَلُوا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَبًا" (١٥٨-الصَّافَّاتِ) وَهُوَ قولهم: الملائكة ٩/ب بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ، وَلَمَّا أَخْرَجَهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ جُعِلَ لَهُ ذُرِّيَّةٌ. قَوْلُهُ: ﴿أَبَى﴾ أَيِ امْتَنَعَ فَلَمْ يَسْجُدْ ﴿وَاسْتَكْبَرَ﴾ أَيْ تَكَبَّرَ عَنِ السُّجُودِ ﴿لِآدَمَ﴾ (٢) ﴿وَكَانَ﴾ أَيْ: صَارَ ﴿مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ وَقَالَ أَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ: وَكَانَ فِي سَابِقِ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ الَّذِينَ وَجَبَتْ لَهُمُ الشَّقَاوَةُ. أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ التُّرَابِيُّ أنا ابن الْحَاكِمُ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْحَدَّادِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو يَزِيدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَالِدٍ أَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ أَنَا جَرِيرٌ وَوَكِيعٌ وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِذَا قَرَأَ ابْنُ آدَمَ السَّجْدَةَ فَسَجَدَ اعْتَزَلَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ: يَا وَيْلَهْ أُمِرَ ابْنُ آدَمَ بِالسُّجُودِ فَسَجَدَ فَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَأُمِرْتُ بِالسُّجُودِ فَعَصَيْتُ فَلِيَ النَّارُ" (٣) قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَقُلْنَا يَا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ آدَمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مَنْ يُجَانِسُهُ فَنَامَ نَوْمَةً فَخَلَقَ اللَّهُ زَوْجَتَهُ حَوَّاءَ مِنْ قُصَيْرَاءِ شِقِّهِ الْأَيْسَرِ، وَسُمِّيَتْ حَوَّاءَ لِأَنَّهَا خُلِقَتْ مِنْ حَيٍّ، خَلَقَهَا اللَّهُ ﷿ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ أَحَسَّ بِهِ آدَمُ وَلَا وَجَدَ لَهُ أَلَمًا، وَلَوْ وَجَدَ لَمَا عَطَفَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ قَطُّ فَلَمَّا هَبَّ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ رَآهَا جَالِسَةً عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ (كَأَحْسَنِ مَا فِي) (٤) خَلْقِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا: مَنْ أَنْتِ؟ قَالَتْ زَوْجَتُكَ خَلَقَنِي اللَّهُ لَكَ تَسْكُنُ إِلَيَّ وَأَسْكُنُ إِلَيْكَ (٥) ﴿وَكُلَا مِنْهَا رَغَدًا﴾ وَاسِعًا كَثِيرًا ﴿حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا﴾ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمَا وَمَتَى شِئْتُمَا وَأَيْنَ شِئْتُمَا ﴿وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ﴾ يَعْنِي لِلْأَكْلِ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ: وَقَعَ

(١) انظر الطبري: ١ / ٥٠٢-٥٠٨ والوسيط في تفسير القرآن للواحدي ١ / ٨٢. (٢) زيادة من ب. (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب إطلاق اسم الكفر على من ترك الصلاة، برقم (١٣٣) ١ / ٨٧ وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ١٤٧. (٤) في ب: كأحسن ما خلقها الله. (٥) تذكر معظم كتب التفسير هذه القصة عند تفسير هذه الآية، ويقول أبو حيان في البحر المحيط: ١ / ١٥٦ "وفي هذه القصة زيادات ذكرها المفسرون، لا نطول بذكرها، لأنها ليست مما يتوقف عليها مدلول الآية ولا تفسيرها". ونلحظ أن هذه الأمور الغيبية التي استأثر الله تعالى بعلمها وحجبها عنا، ليس بين أيدينا ما يدل عليها من النصوص الصحيحة.. فأين كان هذا الذي كان؟ وما الجنة التي عاش فيها آدم وزوجه حينا من الزمان؟ ومن هم الملائكة؟ ومن هو إبليس؟ كيف قال الله تعالى لهم ذلك؟ وكيف أجابوه؟ وكيف تم خلق حواء؟ .. إلخ.. إلخ هذا كله يحتاج إلى نص ثابت. وغالب ما يروى من آثار حولها لا يخلو من مقال أو هو من الإسرائيليات، فحسبنا ما جاءت به النصوص، ونكل علم ما رآها إلى الله سبحانه. وانظر: في ظلال القرآن: ١ / ٥٩.