Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/48)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il related to us; Ali ibn Abd Allah related to us; al-Walid ibn Muslim related to us; al-Awza'i related to us; Yahya ibn Abi Kathir related to me; and Abu Qilabah al-Jarmi related to me (1), from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

A group from Ukl came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. They accepted Islam, but found Medina’s climate unhealthy. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, instructed them (2) to go to the charity camels and drink from their milk and urine. They did so and recovered, but then apostatized, killed their herdsmen, and drove away the camels. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent men in pursuit of them. They were brought back, and he cut off their hands and feet, gouged out their eyes, and did not cauterize their wounds until they died.

Ayyub also narrated it from Abu Qilabah, from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: He cut off their hands and feet, then ordered nails to be brought and branded their eyes with them. He cast them onto the lava field, where they begged for water but were not given any, until they died. Abu Qilabah said: They killed, stole, waged war against Allah and His Messenger, and spread corruption throughout the land (3)—and this is what is meant by His saying, Exalted is He: “and strive throughout the land spreading corruption” (4).

They differed concerning the ruling on these men of Uraynah. Some said that it had been abrogated, because mutilation is not permissible. Others said that its ruling remains in force, except for gouging out the eyes (5) and mutilation. Qatadah narrated from Ibn Sirin that this took place before the prescribed punishment was revealed (6). Abu al-Zinad said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did this to them, Allah revealed the prescribed punishments and forbade him from mutilation, so he never did it again.

Qatadah said: It has reached us that, after this, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would encourage charity and forbid mutilation (7). Sulayman al-Taymi narrated from Anas: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, only gouged out the eyes of those men because they had gouged out the eyes of the herdsmen. Al-Layth ibn Sa'd said: This verse was revealed as a rebuke to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and as instruction from Allah concerning their punishment. He made clear that their recompense was this alone, not mutilation. For this reason, whenever the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stood to deliver a sermon, he forbade mutilation.

They differed regarding the brigands who deserve this prescribed punishment. Some said: They are those who waylay travelers, bear weapons, and commit armed robbery in towns. This was the view of al-Awza'i, Malik, al-Layth ibn Sa'd, and al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on them.

(1) The chain of transmission is missing from this point to the end of folio 106 in the Zahiriyyah manuscript. (2) Omitted from manuscript B. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Maghazi, chapter “The Story of Ukl and Uraynah,” 7:458, and in Kitab al-Hudud; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Qasamah, chapter “The Ruling on Those Who Wage War and Apostates,” no. 1671, 3:1296-1297. The author also included it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:256-257. (4) Omitted from manuscript B. (5) Omitted from manuscript B. (6) In manuscript B: “the prescribed legal penalties are imposed.” (7) See al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Maghazi, 7:458.

[أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو قِلَابَةَ الْجَرْمِيُّ] (١) عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ﵁ قَالَ: قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ نَفَرٌ مِنْ عُكْلٍ فَأَسْلَمُوا وَاجْتَوَوُا الْمَدِينَةِ فَأَمَرَهُمُ [النَّبِيُّ ﷺ] (٢) أَنْ يَأْتُوا إِبِلَ الصَّدَقَةِ فَيَشْرَبُوا مِنْ أَبْوَالِهَا وَأَلْبَانِهَا، فَفَعَلُوا فَصَحُّوا فَارْتَدُّوا وَقَتَلُوا رُعَاتَهَا وَاسْتَاقُوا الْإِبِلَ، فَبَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي آثَارِهِمْ، فَأُتِيَ بِهِمْ فَقِطَعَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ وَسَمَلَ أَعْيُنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْسِمْهُمْ حَتَّى مَاتُوا. وَرَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ﵁ قَالَ: فَقَطَعَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِمَسَامِيرَ فَكَحَّلَهُمْ بِهَا وَطَرَحَهُمْ بِالْحَرَّةِ يَسْتَسْقُونَ فَمَا يُسْقَوْنَ حَتَّى مَاتُوا، قَالَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ: قَتَلُوا وَسَرَقُوا وَحَارَبُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَسَعَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا (٣) [وَهُوَ الْمُرَادُ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "وَيَسْعَوْنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَسَادًا] (٤) . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي حُكْمِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْعُرَنِيِّينَ: فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ لِأَنَّ الْمُثْلَةَ لَا تَجُوزُ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: حُكْمُهُ ثَابِتٌ إِلَّا السَّمْلَ [وَالْمُثْلَةَ] (٥) وَرَوَى قَتَادَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ [يَنْزِلَ الْحَدُّ] (٦) وَقَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ: فَلَمَّا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ بِهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْحُدُودَ وَنَهَاهُ عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ فَلَمْ يَعُدْ. وَعَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ يَحُثُّ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ (٧) وَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ التَّيَمِيُّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ: إِنَّمَا سَمَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَعْيُنَ أولئك لأنهم سلموا أَعْيُنَ الرُّعَاةِ. وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ مُعَاتِبَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَعْلِيمًا مِنْهُ إِيَّاهُ عُقُوبَتَهُمْ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا جَزَاؤُهُمْ هَذَا لَا الْمُثْلَةُ، وَلِذَلِكَ مَا قَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَطِيبًا إِلَّا نَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَحِقُّونَ هَذَا الْحَدَّ، فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقْطَعُونَ الطَّرِيقَ وَيَحْمِلُونَ السِّلَاحَ، وَالْمُكَابِرُونَ فِي الْأَمْصَارِ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ وَمَالِكٍ وَاللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ ﵏.

(١) سقط الإسناد من هذا الموضع إلى نهاية ورقة (١٠٦) من نسخة الظاهرية. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب قصة عكل وعرينة: ٧ / ٤٥٨، وفي الحدود، ومسلم في القسامة، باب حكم المحاربين والمرتدين، برقم (١٦٧١) : ٣ / ١٢٩٦-١٢٩٧. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٢٥٦-٢٥٧. (٤) ساقط من "ب". (٥) ساقط من "ب". (٦) في "ب": (تنزل الحدود) . (٧) انظر: البخاري، كتاب المغازي: ٧ / ٤٥٨.