Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/46)

Mujahid said: One of Cain’s legs became attached to its thigh and shin, and it has remained so from that day until the Day of Resurrection. His face is turned toward the sun wherever it moves: in summer, he is enclosed by fire; and in winter, by snow.

He said: Cain’s descendants fashioned instruments of amusement from reeds, drums, flutes, lutes, and tambourines. They became engrossed in amusement, drinking wine, worshipping fire, fornication, and indecencies, until Allah drowned them in the Flood in the days of Noah, peace be upon him. The progeny of Seth remained.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Umar ibn Hafs ibn Ghiyath narrated to us; my father narrated to us; al-A'mash narrated to me from Abd Allah ibn Murrah, from Masruq, from Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “No soul is wrongfully killed except that the first son of Adam bears a share of responsibility for its blood, for he was the first to institute killing.” (1)

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Prophets, chapter: “The Creation of Adam, peace and blessings be upon him, and his progeny,” 6:364; and also in Blood Money and Holding Fast to the Book and the Sunnah. It was also narrated by Muslim in al-Qasamah, chapter: “Clarification of the One Who First Instituted Killing,” no. 1677, 3:1303–1304; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:234.

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: فَعَلِقَتْ إِحْدَى رِجْلَيْ قابيل إلى فخدها وَسَاقِهَا وَعَلِقَتْ مِنْ يَوْمِئِذٍ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَوَجْهُهُ إِلَى الشَّمْسِ مَا دَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ، فِي الصَّيْفِ حَظِيرَةٌ مِنْ نَارٍ وَفِي الشِّتَاءِ حَظِيرَةٌ مِنْ ثَلْجٍ. قَالَ: وَاتَّخَذَ أَوْلَادُ قَابِيلَ آلَاتِ اللَّهْوِ مِنَ الْيَرَاعِ وَالطُّبُولِ وَالْمَزَامِيرِ وَالْعِيدَانِ وَالطَّنَابِيرِ، وَانْهَمَكُوا فِي اللَّهْوِ وَشُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَعِبَادَةِ النَّارِ وَالزِّنَا وَالْفَوَاحِشِ حَتَّى غَرَّقَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِالطُّوفَانِ أَيَّامَ نُوحٍ ﵇، وَبَقِيَ نَسْلُ شِيثَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ ثَنَا أَبِي ثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُرَّةَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا تُقْتَلُ نَفْسٌ ظُلْمًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الْأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا لَأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ" (١) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء، باب خلق آدم، صلوات الله عليه، وذريته: ٦ / ٣٦٤، وفي الديات، وفي الاعتصام. وأخرجه مسلم في القسامة، باب بيان من سنّ القتل، برقم (١٦٧٧) ٣ / ١٣٠٣-١٣٠٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٢٣٤.