Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/35)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

His words, exalted is He: “And when Moses said to his people, ‘O my people, remember Allah’s favor upon you, when He raised prophets among you’”—that is, prophets from among yourselves (1)—“and made you kings.” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: That is, people with servants and retainers. Qatadah said: They were the first to possess servants; those before them had no servants.

It is narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Among the Children of Israel, if one of them had a servant, a wife, and a riding animal, he would be recorded as a king” (2).

Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Hubuli said: I heard Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As when a man asked him, saying, “Are we not among the poor Emigrants?” Abdullah said to him, “Do you have a wife to whom you may return?” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Do you have a dwelling in which you live?” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Then you are among the wealthy.” He said, “But I have a servant.” He said, “Then you are among the kings” (3).

Al-Suddi said: “And made you kings”—free men, in control of your own affairs after you had been in the hands of the Copts, who enslaved you. Al-Dahhak said: Their homes were spacious and contained flowing water; whoever has a spacious dwelling containing flowing water is a king. “And He gave you what He had not given to anyone else in the worlds”: that is, among the peoples of your time. Mujahid said: This refers to the manna, the quails, the stone, and the shade of the clouds.

“O my people, enter the Holy Land which Allah has assigned to you, and do not turn back, lest you become losers. (21) They said, ‘O Moses, indeed there is a tyrannical people in it, and we will never enter it until they leave it. If they leave it, then we will enter.’ (22)”

His words, exalted is He: “O my people, enter the Holy Land which Allah has assigned to you.” They differed concerning the Holy Land. Mujahid said: It is Mount Sinai and its surroundings. Al-Dahhak said: Aelia and the Holy House. Ikrimah and al-Suddi said: It is Jericho. Al-Kalbi said: It is Damascus, Palestine, and part of Jordan. Qatadah said: It is Greater Syria.

(1) Omitted in manuscript “B.” (2) Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Abi Hatim, on the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:46). Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir also cited it in al-Tafsir, 2:38, stating: “It is an uncommon hadith through this route.” Its chain includes Ibn Lahi'ah, who was trustworthy but became confused after his books were burned, and Darraj ibn Abi al-Samh, who was trustworthy but weak in his narrations from Abu al-Haytham (al-Taqrib). (3) Recorded by Muslim in al-Zuhd wa al-Raqa'iq, no. 2979, 4:2285.

قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْمِ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَعَلَ فِيكُمْ أَنْبِيَاءَ﴾ [أَيْ: مِنْكُمْ أَنْبِيَاءَ] (١) ﴿وَجَعَلَكُمْ مُلُوكًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَ خَدَمٍ وَحَشَمٍ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: كَانُوا أَوَّلَّ مَنْ مَلَكَ الْخَدَمَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِمَنْ قَبْلَهُمْ خَدَمٌ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ﵁ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "كَانَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ إِذَا كَانَ لِأَحَدِهِمْ خَادِمٌ وَامْرَأَةٌ وَدَابَّةٌ يُكْتَبُ مَلِكًا" (٢) . وَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُبُلِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: أَلَسْنَا مِنْ فُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: أَلَكَ امْرَأَةٌ تَأْوِي إِلَيْهَا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: أَلَكَ مَسْكَنٌ تَسْكُنُهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ، قَالَ: فَإِنَّ لِي خَادِمًا، قَالَ: فَأَنْتَ مِنَ الْمُلُوكِ (٣) . قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: وَجَعَلَكُمْ مُلُوكًا أَحْرَارًا تَمْلِكُونَ أَمْرَ أَنْفُسِكُمْ بَعْدَمَا كُنْتُمْ فِي أَيْدِي الْقِبْطِ يَسْتَعْبِدُونَكُمْ، قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: كَانَتْ مَنَازِلُهُمْ وَاسِعَةً فِيهَا مِيَاهٌ جَارِيَةٌ فَمَنْ كَانَ مَسْكَنُهُ وَاسِعًا وَفِيهِ مَاءٌ جَارٍ فَهُوَ مَلِكٌ ﴿وَآتَاكُمْ مَا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي عَالَمِي زَمَانِكُمْ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: يَعْنِي الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى وَالْحَجَرَ وَتَظْلِيلَ الْغَمَامِ. ﴿يَا قَوْمِ ادْخُلُوا الْأَرْضَ الْمُقَدَّسَةَ الَّتِي كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَرْتَدُّوا عَلَى أَدْبَارِكُمْ فَتَنْقَلِبُوا خَاسِرِينَ (٢١) قَالُوا يَا مُوسَى إِنَّ فِيهَا قَوْمًا جَبَّارِينَ وَإِنَّا لَنْ نَدْخُلَهَا حَتَّى يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَإِنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَإِنَّا دَاخِلُونَ (٢٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا قَوْمِ ادْخُلُوا الْأَرْضَ الْمُقَدَّسَةَ الَّتِي كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ الْمُقَدَّسَةِ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هِيَ الطُّورُ وَمَا حَوْلَهُ، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: إِيلِيَّا وَبَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: هِيَ أَرْيَحَاءُ، وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: هِيَ دِمَشْقُ وَفِلَسْطِينُ وَبَعْضُ الْأُرْدُنِّ، وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هِيَ الشَّامُ

(١) ساقط من "ب". (٢) عزاه السيوطي لابن أبي حاتم عن أبي سعيد الخدري، (الدر المنثور: ٣ / ٤٦) ، وذكره الحافظ ابن كثير في التفسير: ٢ / ٣٨ وقال: حديث غريب من هذا الوجه. والحديث فيه: ابن لهيعة: صدوق من السابعة، خلط بعد احتراق كتبه، ودراج بن أبي السمح: صدوق في حديثه عن أبي الهيثم ضعف. (التقريب) . (٣) أخرجه مسلم في الزهد والرقائق، برقم (٢٩٧٩) : ٤ / ٢٢٨٥.