Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/27)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“But those who disbelieve and deny Our signs are the people of Hellfire. (10) O you who believe, remember Allah’s favor upon you, when a people intended to stretch out their hands against you, but He restrained their hands from you. And fear Allah; and upon Allah let the believers rely. (11)”

His saying, exalted is He: “O you who believe, remember Allah’s favor upon you”—by His repelling harm from you—“when a people intended to stretch out their hands against you,” that is, to kill you.

Qatadah said: This verse was revealed while the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was at Batn Nakhl. The tribes of Banu Tha‘labah and Banu Muharib intended to attack him and his Companions by surprise while they were occupied with prayer. Allah informed His Prophet of this and revealed the Prayer of Fear. (1)

Al-Hasan said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was besieging Ghatfan at Nakhl when a man among the polytheists said, “Would you like me to kill Muhammad?” They asked, “And how would you kill him?” He replied, “I would attack him by surprise.” They said, “We would dearly like you to do so.”

So he came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who was wearing his sword. He said, “O Muhammad, show me your sword.” So he gave it to him. The man began brandishing the sword, looking now at the sword and now at the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Then he said, “Who will protect you from me, O Muhammad?” He replied, “Allah.” The Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, then threatened him, so he sheathed the sword and went away. Thereupon Allah, Most High, revealed this verse. (2)

(1) Reported by al-Tabari from Qatada, 6:146 (al-Halabi edition). Al-Suyuti also attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd; see al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:38. (2) See al-Tabari, 6:146; al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 223-224; Sirat Ibn Hisham, 3:205-206; al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:36.

﴿وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ (١٠) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَنْ يَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ (١١) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ بِالدَّفْعِ عَنْكُمْ، ﴿إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَنْ يَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ﴾ بِالْقَتْلِ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِبَطْنِ نَخْلٍ فَأَرَادَ بَنُو ثَعْلَبَةَ وَبَنُو مُحَارِبٍ أَنْ يَفْتِكُوا بِهِ وَبِأَصْحَابِهِ إِذَا اشْتَغَلُوا بِالصَّلَاةِ فَأَطْلَعَ اللَّهُ ﵎ نَبِيَّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ (١) . وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُحَاصِرًا غَطْفَانَ بِنَخْلٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ: هَلْ لَكَمَ فِي أَنْ أَقْتُلَ مُحَمَّدًا؟ قَالُوا: وَكَيْفَ تَقْتُلُهُ؟ قَالَ: أَفْتِكُ بِهِ، قَالُوا: وَدِدْنَا أَنَّكَ قَدْ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُتَقَلِّدٌ سَيْفَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَرِنِي سَيْفَكَ فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَهُزُّ السَّيْفَ وَيَنْظُرُ مَرَّةً إِلَى السَّيْفِ وَمَرَّةً إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي يَا مُحَمَّدُ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُ، فَتَهَدَّدَهُ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَشَامَ السَّيْفَ وَمَضَى، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) .

(١) أخرجه الطبري عن قتادة: ٦ / ١٤٦ (طبعة الحلبي) ، وعزاه السيوطي أيضا لعبد بن حميد، انظر: الدر المنثور: ٣ / ٣٨. (٢) انظر: الطبري: ٦ / ١٤٦، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢٢٣-٢٢٤) . سيرة ابن هشام: ٣ / ٢٠٥-٢٠٦، الدر المنثور: ٣ / ٣٦.