Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/26)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

a verse in the Book of Allah, I would not have related it to you.” Then he said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: ‘No Muslim (1) performs ablution and does it well, then performs the prayer, except that he is forgiven whatever sins lie between it and the next prayer, until he performs it.’” Malik said: “I think he meant this verse: ‘And establish prayer for My remembrance.’” (2) Ibn Shihab also narrated it (3), while Urwah said: “The verse is: ‘Indeed, those who conceal what We have sent down of clear proofs...’” (Surah al-Baqarah, 159).

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Yahya ibn Bukayr informed us; al-Layth informed us, from Khalid, from Said ibn Abi Hilal, from Nuaym al-Mujammir, who said: “I climbed with Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, onto the roof of the mosque, and he performed ablution. He said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “My nation will be called on the Day of Resurrection bright-faced and bright-limbed from the effects of ablution. So whoever among you is able to extend his brightness, let him do so.”’” (4)

“Remember Allah’s favor upon you and His covenant by which He bound you, when you said, ‘We hear and obey.’ And fear Allah. Indeed, Allah knows best what is within the hearts. (7) O you who believe, stand firm for Allah as witnesses in justice. Do not let the hatred of a people lead you to be unjust. Be just; that is nearer to piety. And fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Aware of what you do. (8) Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds forgiveness and a tremendous reward. (9)”

His saying, Most High: “Remember Allah’s favor upon you”—that is, all His blessings—“and His covenant by which He bound you”: His pledge which He made with you, O believers, “when you said, ‘We hear and obey.’” This was when they pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, to hear and obey in what they liked and what they disliked. This is the view of most Quranic exegetes. Mujahid and Muqatil said: It refers to the covenant that was taken from them when He brought them forth from the loins of Adam, peace be upon him. “And fear Allah. Indeed, Allah knows best what is within the hearts”—that is, the good and evil that are in the hearts.

(1) Absent from manuscript B. (2) Reported by Malik in al-Muwatta, The Book of Purification, chapter: “General Matters Concerning Wudu,” 1:30–31. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of Wudu, chapter: “Performing Wudu Three Times,” 1:206; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:325. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of Wudu, chapter: “The Virtue of Wudu and the Bright-Faced, Bright-Limbed People as an Effect of Wudu,” 1:235; by Muslim in The Book of Purification, chapter: “The Recommendation of Extending the Brightness of the Face and Limbs in Wudu,” no. 246, 1:216; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:425.

آيَةٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مَا حَدَّثْتُكُمُوهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "مَا مِنَ امْرِئٍ [مُسْلِمٍ] (١) يَتَوَضَّأُ فَيُحْسِنُ وُضُوءَهُ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي الصَّلَاةَ إِلَّا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ الْأُخْرَى حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَهَا" قَالَ مَالِكٌ: أَرَاهُ يُرِيدُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ﴿وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي﴾ (٢) وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ (٣) وَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ: الْآيَةُ "إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَ مَا أَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ" (سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ، ١٥٩) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ أَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ خَالِدٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ عَنْ نُعَيْمٍ الْمُجَمَّرِ قَالَ رَقِيتُ مَعَ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَتَوَضَّأَ قَالَ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "إِنَّ أُمَّتِي يُدْعَوْنَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ غُرًّا مُحَجَّلِينَ مِنْ آثَارِ الْوُضُوءِ، فَمَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يُطِيلَ مِنْكُمْ غُرَّتَهُ فَلْيَفْعَلْ" (٤) . ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمِيثَاقَهُ الَّذِي وَاثَقَكُمْ بِهِ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ (٧) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَى أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ (٨) وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ (٩) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: النِّعَمَ كُلَّهَا، ﴿وَمِيثَاقَهُ الَّذِي وَاثَقَكُمْ بِهِ﴾ عَهْدَهُ الَّذِي عَاهَدَكُمْ بِهِ أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ، ﴿إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا﴾ وَذَلِكَ حِينَ بَايَعُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فِيمَا أَحَبُّوا وَكَرِهُوا، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَكْثَرِ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي الْمِيثَاقَ الَّذِي أُخِذَ عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ أَخْرَجَهُمْ مِنْ صُلْبِ آدَمَ ﵇، ﴿وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ﴾ بِمَا فِي الْقُلُوبِ مِنْ خَيْرٍ وَشَرٍّ.

(١) ليست في "ب". (٢) أخرجه مالك في الموطأ، كتاب الطهارة، باب جامع الوضوء: ١ / ٣٠-٣١. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الوضوء، باب الوضوء ثلاثا ثلاثا: ١ / ٢٠٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٣٢٥. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الوضوء، باب فضل الوضوء والغر المحجلين من آثار الوضوء: ١ / ٢٣٥، ومسلم في الطهارة، باب استحباب إطالة الغرة والتحجيل في الوضوء، برقم (٢٤٦) : ١ / ٢١٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٤٢٥.