Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/23)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the genitive inflection of the lām in “your feet” is due to its proximity in wording, not because it shares the same ruling. This is like His saying, Most High, “the punishment of a painful Day”: “painful” is an adjective describing the punishment, but it takes the grammatical inflection of “Day” because of proximity. Likewise, they say, “the ruined burrow of a lizard”: “ruined” is an adjective describing the burrow, but it takes the grammatical inflection of “lizard” because of proximity.

The evidence that washing the feet is obligatory is what Abu Saʿid Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-ʿAbbas al-Humaydi, the preacher, informed us: Abu ʿAbd Allah al-Hafiz informed us; Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad ibn Yaʿqub informed us; Yahya ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us; al-Hajabi and Musaddad said: Abu ʿAwanah informed us, from Abu Bishr, from Yusuf ibn Mahik, from ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAmr, who said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, fell behind us on a journey we were making, then caught up with us when the time for the afternoon prayer was pressing upon us. As we were performing ablution, we began wiping our feet, so he called out to us at the top of his voice: ‘Woe to the heels because of the Fire!’” (1)

ʿAbd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil related to us; ʿAbdan informed us; ʿAbd Allah informed us; Maʿmar informed us; al-Zuhri related to me from ʿAtaʾ ibn Yazid, from Humran, the freedman of ʿUthman, who said: “I saw ʿUthman, may Allah be pleased with him, perform ablution. He poured water over his hands three times, then rinsed his mouth, drew water into his nose, and expelled it. Then he washed his face three times; then he washed his right hand up to the elbow three times; then he washed his left hand up to the elbow three times. Then he wiped his head, then washed his right foot three times and then his left three times. He then said: ‘I saw the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, perform ablution as I have performed it here. Then he said: Whoever performs ablution as I have performed it here, then prays two rakʿahs without allowing his thoughts to wander during them, Allah will forgive his past sins.’” (2)

Some of them said: By His saying, “and your feet,” He meant wiping over the leather socks, just as it is related that “when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, bowed, he placed his hands on his knees.” (3) This does not mean that there was no barrier between them. One may also say, “So-and-so kissed the ruler’s head and hand,” even if the ruler is wearing a turban on his head and his hand is inside his sleeve.

ʿAbd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Abu Nuʿaym informed us; Zakariyya informed us, from ʿAmir, from ʿUrwah ibn al-Mughirah, from his father, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: “I was with

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of Knowledge, chapter: “Who Repeats a Hadith Three Times So That It May Be Understood,” 1:189; by Muslim in The Book of Purification, chapter: “The Obligation to Wash Both Feet Completely,” nos. 241/214; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:428. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of Ablution, chapter: “Performing Ablution Three Times,” 1:259; and in The Book of Fasting, chapter: “The Use of a Fresh or Dry Siwak,” 4:158; and by Muslim in The Book of Purification, chapter: “The Description and Completeness of Ablution,” no. 226, 1:205. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in The Book of the Call to Prayer, chapter: “The Sunnah of Sitting during the Tashahhud,” 2:305. See also Muslim, The Book of Mosques, chapter: “The Recommendation to Place the Hands upon the Knees during Bowing and the Abrogation of Tatbiq,” nos. 534–535, 1:379–380.

خَفْضُ اللَّامِ فِي الْأَرْجُلِ عَلَى مُجَاوَرَةِ اللَّفْظِ لَا عَلَى مُوَافَقَةِ الْحُكْمِ، كَمَا قَالَ ﵎: "عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ أَلِيمٍ"، فَالْأَلِيمُ صِفَةُ الْعَذَابِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَخَذَ إِعْرَابَ الْيَوْمِ لِلْمُجَاوَرَةِ، وَكَقَوْلِهِمْ: جُحْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ، فَالْخَرِبُ نَعْتٌ لِلْجُحْرِ، وَأَخَذَ إِعْرَابَ الضَّبِّ لِلْمُجَاوَرَةِ. وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى وُجُوبِ غَسْلِ الرِّجْلَيْنِ: مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ الْخَطِيبُ أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى أَنَا الْحَجَبِيُّ وَمُسَدَّدٌ قَالَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَاهِكٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: "تَخَلَّفَ عَنَّا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَفَرٍ سَافَرْنَاهُ فَأَدْرَكَنَا وَقَدْ أَرْهَقَتْنَا الصَّلَاةُ صَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ، وَنَحْنُ نَتَوَضَّأُ فَجَعَلْنَا نَمْسَحُ عَلَى أَرْجُلِنَا فَنَادَانَا بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: "وَيْلٌ لِلْأَعْقَابِ مِنَ النَّارِ". (١) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَانُ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ حَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: "رَأَيْتُ عُثْمَانَ ﵁ تَوَضَّأَ فَأَفْرَغَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ مَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْشَقَ وَاسْتَنْثَرَ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى إِلَى الْمِرْفَقِ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَهُ الْيُسْرَى إِلَى الْمِرْفَقِ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُمْنَى ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ الْيُسْرَى ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَوَضَّأَ نَحْوَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ لَا يُحَدِّثُ نَفْسَهُ فِيهِمَا بِشَيْءٍ غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ". (٢) وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِهِ ﴿وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ﴾ الْمَسْحَ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ كَمَا رُوِيَ "أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا رَكَعَ وَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ" (٣) وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا حَائِلٌ، وَيُقَالُ: قَبَّلَ فُلَانٌ رَأْسَ الْأَمِيرِ وَيَدَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْعِمَامَةُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، وَيَدُهُ فِي كُمِّهِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ أَنَا زَكَرِيَّا عَنْ عَامِرٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ﵄ قَالَ: "كُنْتُ مَعَ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في العلم، باب من أعاد الحديث ثلاثا ليفهم عنه: ١ / ١٨٩،ومسلم في الطهارة، باب وجوب غسل الرجلين بكمالهما، برقم (٢٤١ / ٢١٤) ، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٤٢٨. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الوضوء، باب الوضوء ثلاثا ثلاثا: ١ / ٢٥٩، وفي الصوم، باب سواك الرطب واليابس: ٤ / ١٥٨، ومسلم في الطهارة، باب صفة الوضوء وكماله برقم (٢٢٦) :١ / ٢٠٥. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الأذان، باب سنة الجلوس في التشهد:٢ / ٣٠٥، وانظر: مسلم في المساجد، باب الندب إلى وضع الأيدي على الركب في الركوع ونسخ التطبيق برقم (٥٣٤-٥٣٥) : ١ / ٣٧٩-٣٨٠.