Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/7)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

who said: “The slaughter of the fetus is fulfilled by the slaughter of its mother.” (1)

Some scholars stipulated that it must have grown hair. Ibn Umar said: “The slaughter of what is in her womb is accomplished by her slaughter, provided that it is fully formed and its hair has grown.” A similar statement is reported from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib.

According to Abu Hanifah, may Allah have mercy on him, it is not lawful to eat a fetus if it emerges dead after its mother has been slaughtered.

Al-Kalbi said: “The beasts of grazing livestock are their wild varieties: gazelles and wild cattle. They are called beasts because they have been deprived of discernment; and it was also said: because they do not speak.”

“Except what is recited to you”—that is, what is mentioned in His words: “Forbidden to you are carrion,” up to His words: “and what has been sacrificed on stone altars.” “Not deeming hunting lawful”—this is in the accusative as a circumstantial qualifier; that is, not regarding hunting as lawful. The meaning of the verse is: All grazing livestock have been made lawful for you, except those among them that are wild, for they are game and are not lawful for you while you are in the state of consecration. This is the meaning of His, Most High, words: “while you are in the state of consecration. Indeed, Allah decrees what He wills.”

“O you who believe, do not violate the rites of Allah, nor the sacred month, nor the sacrificial animals, nor the garlanded animals, nor those making their way to the Sacred House, seeking bounty and pleasure from their Lord. When you have left the state of consecration, then hunt. Do not let the hatred of a people for having barred you from the Sacred Mosque lead you to transgress. Cooperate in righteousness and piety, and do not cooperate in sin and transgression. Fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in punishment.” (2)

His, Most High, words: “O you who believe, do not violate the rites of Allah”—were revealed concerning al-Hutam, whose name was Shurayh ibn Dubay'ah al-Bakri. He came to Medina, leaving his horses outside (2) the city, and entered alone upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. He said to him: “To what do you call the people?” He replied: “To bearing witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (3), and to establishing the prayer—”

(1) Reported by Abu Dawud in Kitab al-Adahi (The Book of Sacrificial Animals), chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding the Slaughter of the Fetus,” 4:119; by al-Darimi in Kitab al-Adahi, chapter: “On the Slaughter of the Fetus,” 2:84; and by al-Daraqutni, 4:273, with the wording: “Eat the fetus in its mother’s womb.” Al-Hakim authenticated it in al-Mustadrak according to Muslim’s criteria, and al-Dhahabi concurred, 4:114. Al-Haythami attributed it in Majma al-Zawa'id, 4:35, and al-Zayla'i in Nasb al-Rayah, 4:189, to Abu Ya'la in his Musnad. It was also reported by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:229. Al-Mundhiri said: “Its chain contains Abd Allah ibn Abi Ziyad al-Makki al-Qaddah, concerning whom there is criticism.” Al-Haythami said: “It contains Hammad ibn Shu'ayb, who is weak.” Al-Albani authenticated it in Irwa al-Ghalil, 8:172. (2) In manuscript B: “apparent.” (3) Omitted in manuscript B.

قَالَ" "ذَكَاةُ الْجَنِينِ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ" (١) . وَشَرَطَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْإِشْعَارَ، قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: ذَكَاةُ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فِي ذَكَاتِهَا إِذَا تَمَّ خَلْقُهُ وَنَبَتَ شَعْرُهُ، وَمِثْلُهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ. وَعِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ﵁ لَا يَحِلُّ أَكْلُ الْجَنِينِ إِذَا خَرَجَ مَيْتًا بَعْدَ ذَكَاةِ الْأُمِّ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ: وَحْشِيُّهَا، وَهِيَ الظِّبَاءُ وَبَقَرُ الْوَحْشِ، سُمِّيَتْ بَهِيمَةً لِأَنَّهَا أُبْهِمَتْ عَنِ التَّمْيِيزِ، وَقِيلَ: لِأَنَّهَا لَا نُطْقَ لَهَا، ﴿إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: مَا ذُكِرَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: "حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ" إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: "وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ"، ﴿غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ﴾ وَهُوَ نَصْبٌ عَلَى الْحَالِ، أَيْ: لَا مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ، وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ كُلُّهَا إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا وَحْشِيًّا فَإِنَّهُ صَيْدٌ لَا يَحِلُ لَكُمْ فِي حَالِ الْإِحْرَامِ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحِلُّوا شَعَائِرَ اللَّهِ وَلَا الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ وَلَا الْهَدْيَ وَلَا الْقَلَائِدَ وَلَا آمِّينَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَانًا وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُوا وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ أَنْ صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ أَنْ تَعْتَدُوا وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحِلُّوا شَعَائِرَ اللَّهِ﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْحُطَمِ وَاسْمُهُ شُرَيْحُ بْنُ ضُبَيْعَةَ الْبَكْرِيُّ، أَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ وَخَلَّفَ خَيْلَهُ [خَارِجَ] (٢) الْمَدِينَةِ، وَدَخَلَ وَحْدَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِلَى مَا تَدْعُو النَّاسَ؟ فَقَالَ: إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، [وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ] (٣) وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في الضحايا، باب ما جاء في ذكاة الجنين: ٤ / ١١٩، والدارمي في الأضاحي، باب في ذكاة الجنين: ٢ / ٨٤، والدارقطني: ٤ / ٢٧٣ بلفظ "كل الجنين في بطن أمه"، وصححه الحاكم في المستدرك على شرط مسلم ووافقه الذهبي: ٤ / ١١٤. وعزاه الهيثمي في المجمع: ٤ / ٣٥ والزيلعي في نصب الراية: ٤ / ١٨٩ لأبي يعلى في مسنده. وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٢٢٩. قال المنذري: في إسناده عبد الله بن أبي زياد المكي القداح، وفيه مقال. وقال الهيثمي: فيه حماد بن شعيب وهو ضعيف. وصححه الألباني في إرواء الغليل: ٨ / ١٧٢. (٢) في "ب": (ظاهر) . (٣) ساقط من "ب".