Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (3/5)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread)

One hundred and twenty verses, all revealed in Medina, except for His words, “Today I have perfected for you your religion,” to the end of the verse, which was revealed at Arafat.

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

It is related from Abu Maysarah that he said: Allah Most High revealed in this surah eighteen rulings that He did not reveal in any other. They are His words: “the animal that dies by strangulation, the one beaten to death, the one that falls to its death, the one gored to death, that which a beast of prey has eaten—except what you slaughter properly—what is sacrificed at idolatrous altars, and seeking decisions through divining arrows”; “the hunting animals you have trained, teaching them as Allah has taught you”; “The food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them; likewise, chaste women from among the believing women and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you”; the complete rulings of ritual purification in His words, “When you rise for prayer”; “The male thief and the female thief”; “Do not kill game while you are in the sacred state of pilgrimage,” to the end of the verse; “Allah has ordained neither a bahirah (a she-camel whose ear was slit), a sa'ibah (an animal set free for an idol), a wasilah (a consecrated ewe), nor a ham (a consecrated breeding camel)”; and His words: “Testimony among you when death comes to one of you.” (1)

In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

“O believers, fulfil your obligations. Lawful for you are grazing livestock, except what is recited to you, provided that you do not hunt while you are in the sacred state of pilgrimage. Indeed, Allah decrees what He wills. (1)”

His words, exalted is He: “O believers, fulfil your obligations,” that is, your covenants. Al-Zajjaj said: “They are the most binding of covenants. One says: ‘I made a covenant with so-and-so and bound him to it,’ meaning: I committed him to it by a firm undertaking. Its origin lies in tying one thing to another and joining it to it, just as

(1) Reported by al-Firyabi, Abu Ubayd, Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, and Abu al-Shaykh, on the authority of Abu Maysarah. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 3:4.

سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ مِائَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ آية، نزلت بالمدنية كُلُّهَا إِلَّا قَوْلَهُ: ﴿الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ﴾ الْآيَةَ، فَإِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ بِعَرَفَاتٍ. بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ حُكْمًا لَمْ يُنْزِلْهَا فِي غَيْرِهَا، قَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ﴾ ﴿وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ﴾ ﴿وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾ وَتَمَامُ الطُّهُورِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ﴾ ﴿وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ﴾ ﴿لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ﴾ الْآيَةَ، ﴿مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَحِيرَةٍ وَلَا سَائِبَةٍ وَلَا وَصِيلَةٍ وَلا حَامٍ﴾ ذوقوله: ﴿شَهَادَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ﴾ (١) . بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ (١) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ﴾ أَيْ بِالْعُهُودِ، قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: هِيَ أَوْكَدُ الْعُهُودِ، يُقَالُ: عَاقَدْتُ فُلَانًا وَعَقَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَيْ: أَلْزَمْتُهُ ذَلِكَ بِاسْتِيثَاقٍ، وَأَصْلُهُ مِنْ عَقْدِ الشَّيْءِ بِغَيْرِهِ وَوَصْلِهِ بِهِ، كَمَا

(١) أخرجه الفريابي، وأبو عبيد، وعبد بن حميد، وابن المنذر، وأبو الشيخ عن أبي ميسرة. انظر الدر المنثور: ٣ / ٤.