Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/312)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

whereas one may say, “The wall wanted [to fall],” but one does not say, “The wall willed a will,” because that is figurative, not literal.

“Messengers bearing good news and warning, so that people would have no argument against Allah after the coming of the messengers. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise. But Allah bears witness to what He has sent down to you: He has sent it down with His knowledge, and the angels bear witness as well. And Allah is sufficient as a Witness. Indeed, those who disbelieve and turn others away from the way of Allah have certainly strayed far away.” (165–167)

His words, exalted is He: “Messengers bearing good news and warning, so that people would have no argument against Allah after the coming of the messengers”—that is, lest they should say, “You did not send us a messenger, nor did You send down to us a Book.” This is evidence that Allah, exalted is He, does not punish creation before sending them a messenger. Allah, exalted is He, says: “And We would never punish until We had sent a messenger.” (al-Isra’ 15) “And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.”

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuʿaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismaʿil informed us; Musa ibn Ismaʿil narrated to us; Abu ʿAwanah narrated to us; Abd al-Malik narrated to us, from Warrad, the scribe of al-Mughirah, from al-Mughirah, who said: Saʿd ibn ʿUbadah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “If I saw a man with my wife, I would strike him with the sword without hesitation.” This reached the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said, “Are you amazed at Saʿd’s protective jealousy? By Allah, I have greater protective jealousy than he does, and Allah has greater protective jealousy than I do. Because of Allah’s protective jealousy, He has forbidden all indecencies, both open and hidden. No one loves accepting excuses more than Allah; for this reason, He sent the warners and bearers of good news. And no one loves praise more than Allah; for this reason, Allah promised Paradise.” (1)

His words, exalted is He: “But Allah bears witness to what He has sent down to you” (2). Ibn ʿAbbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: The leaders of Mecca came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “O Muhammad, we asked the Jews about you and about your description in their Book, and they claimed that they do not know you.” A group of Jews then entered upon him, and he said to them, “By Allah, I know that you certainly know that I am the Messenger of Allah.” They replied, “We do not know that.” So Allah, glorified and exalted is He, revealed: “But Allah bears witness to what He has sent down to you”—if they deny and reject you—“He has sent it down with His knowledge, and the angels bear witness as well. And Allah is sufficient as a Witness.”

“Indeed, those who disbelieve and turn others away from the way of Allah”—by concealing the description of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him—“have certainly strayed far away.”

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Tawhid (Divine Oneness), the chapter on the Prophet's statement, “No one is more jealous than Allah,” 13/399; by Muslim in al-Li'an (Mutual Imprecation), no. 1499, 2/1136; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9/266-267. (2) Narrated by al-Tabari, 9/409, on the authority of Ibn Abbas. See also al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul (Occasions of Revelation), p. 179.

وَيُقَالُ: أَرَادَ الْجِدَارُ، وَلَا يُقَالُ أَرَادَ الْجِدَارَ إِرَادَةً لِأَنَّهُ مَجَازٌ غَيْرُ حَقِيقَةٍ. ﴿رُسُلًا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا (١٦٥) لَكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكَ أَنْزَلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا (١٦٦) إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَدْ ضَلُّوا ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا (١٦٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿رُسُلًا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ﴾ فَيَقُولُوا: مَا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولًا وَمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيْنَا كِتَابًا، وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَا يُعَذِّبُ الْخَلْقَ قَبْلَ بَعْثِهِ الرَّسُولَ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبْعَثَ رَسُولًا" (الإِسْرَاءِ -١٥) ، ﴿وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثِنًّا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا أَبُو عُوَانَةَ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ وُرَادٍ كَاتِبِ الْمُغِيرَةَ، عَنِ الْمُغَيَّرَةِ قَالَ: قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ﵁: لَوْ رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مَعَ امْرَأَتِي لَضَرَبَتْهُ بِالسَّيْفِ غَيْرُ مُصْفِحٍ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "تَعْجَبُونَ مِنْ غَيْرَةِ سَعْدٍ؟ وَاللَّهِ لَأَنَا أَغْيَرُ مِنْهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَغْيَرُ مِنِّي، وَمِنْ أَجْلِ غَيْرَةِ اللَّهِ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْفَوَاحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ، وَلَا أَحَدَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ الْعُذْرَ مِنَ اللَّهِ، وَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ بَعْثَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ وَالْمُبَشِّرِينَ، وَلَا أَحَدَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ الْمِدْحَةَ مِنَ اللَّهِ، وَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْجَنَّةَ" (١) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكَ﴾ (٢) قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ أَنَّ رُؤَسَاءِ مَكَّةَ أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ سَأَلْنَا عَنْكَ الْيَهُودَ وَعَنْ صِفَتِكَ فِي كِتَابِهِمْ فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْرِفُونَكَ، وَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنِّي -وَاللَّهِ -أَعْلَمُ إِنَّكُمْ لِتَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَقَالُوا: مَا نَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿لَكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ إِلَيْكَ﴾ إِنْ جَحَدُوكَ وَكَذَّبُوكَ ﴿أَنْزَلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا﴾ ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ بِكِتْمَانِ نَعْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، ﴿قَدْ ضَلُّوا ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا﴾

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التوحيد، باب قول النبي ﷺ "لا شخص أغير من الله" ١٣ / ٣٩٩، ومسلم في اللعان برقم (١٤٩٩) : ٢ / ١١٣٦، وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ٢٦٦ - ٢٦٧. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٩ / ٤٠٩ عن ابن عباس، وانظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (١٧٩) .