Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/310)

“Indeed, We revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the Tribes, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon; and We gave David the Psalms.” (163)

His words, exalted is He, “Indeed, We revealed to you”: this follows on from His preceding words: “The People of the Book ask you to bring down for them a book from heaven” (Surah al-Nisa 4:153). When Allah mentioned their faults and sins, they grew angry and denied everything that Allah, glorified and exalted is He, had revealed. They said, “Allah has not sent down anything to any human being.” Thus He revealed: “They did not appraise Allah with true appraisal when they said, ‘Allah has not sent down anything to any human being’” (Surah al-An'am 6:91). And He revealed: “Indeed, We revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him.”

He then mentioned a number of the messengers to whom He had revealed, beginning with Noah (peace be upon him), because he was the father of mankind, like Adam (peace be upon him). Allah, exalted is He, said: “And We made his descendants the ones who remained” (Surah al-Saffat 37:77). He was also the first of the prophets who brought a divine law, the first warner against shirk (associating partners with Allah), and the first whose community was punished for rejecting his call. The inhabitants of the earth were destroyed through his supplication, and he was the longest-lived of the prophets

﴿إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَى وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُدَ زَبُورًا (١٦٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ﴾ هَذَا بِنَاءٌ عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ "يَسْأَلُكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَنْ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ" ﴿النِّسَاءِ -١٥٣﴾ ، فَلَمَّا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ عُيُوبَهُمْ وَذُنُوبَهُمْ غَضِبُوا وَجَحَدُوا كُلَّ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿، وَقَالُوا: مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، فَنَزَلَ: "وَمَا قَدَرُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ قَدْرِهِ إِذْ قَالُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِنْ شَيْءٍ" (الْأَنْعَامِ -٩١) وَأَنْزَلَ: ﴿إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ﴾ فَذَكَرَ عِدَّةً مِنَ الرُّسُلِ الَّذِينَ أَوْحَى إِلَيْهِمْ، وَبَدَأَ بِذِكْرِ نُوحٍ ﵇ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَبَا الْبَشَرِ مِثْلَ آدَمَ ﵇، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "وَجَعَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُ هُمُ الْبَاقِينَ" (الصَّافَّاتِ -٧٧) وَلِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ نَبِيٍّ مِنْ أَنْبِيَاءِ الشَّرِيعَةِ، وَأَوَّلُ نَذِيرٍ عَلَى الشِّرْكِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ عُذِّبَتْ أُمَّتُهُ لِرَدِّهِمْ دَعْوَتَهُ، وَأُهْلِكَ أَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ بِدُعَائِهِ وَكَانَ أَطْوَلَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ