Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/308)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both. He said: Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked, “What if he falls from the top of a house?” He replied, “He will utter it while in the air.” He was then asked, “What if one of them has his neck struck?” He replied, “His tongue will stammer it out.”

A group held that the pronoun in “before his death” refers to Jesus, peace be upon him. Its meaning, then, is: There is none among the People of the Book but will surely believe in Jesus before the death of Jesus, peace be upon him. This will occur when he descends from heaven at the end of time. No one will remain except that he believes in him, until the religion becomes one religion: Islam.

We narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The son of Mary will soon descend among you as a just judge. He will break the cross, kill the swine, abolish the jizyah, and wealth will become so abundant that no one will accept it. In his time, all religions will perish except Islam. He will kill the Dajjal, remain on earth for forty years, then die, and the Muslims will offer the funeral prayer over him.” Abu Hurayrah said: “If you wish, recite: ‘There is not one of the People of the Book but will surely believe in him before his death’—before the death of Jesus son of Mary.” Abu Hurayrah would then repeat it three times (1).

It is narrated from Ikrimah that the pronoun in His words, “will surely believe in him,” refers to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. He said: No one from among the People of the Book dies until he believes in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him.

It was also said that it refers back to Allah, Glorified and Exalted is He. That is: There is none among the People of the Book but will surely believe in Allah before his death, at the moment of direct witnessing, when his faith will no longer benefit him.

His saying, Most High: “And on the Day of Resurrection he will be”—meaning Jesus, peace be upon him—“a witness against them”: that he conveyed to them the message of his Lord and acknowledged his own servitude. [As Allah, Most High, says, relating from him: “And I was a witness over them as long as I remained among them” (Al-Ma'idah 5:117). Every prophet is a witness against his community.] (2) Allah, Most High, said: “So how will it be when We bring from every community a witness and bring you as a witness against these people?” (Al-Nisa 4:41).

“So, for the wrongdoing of the Jews, We forbade them good things that had been lawful for them, and for their hindering many from the way of Allah. (160)”

His saying, Glorified and Exalted is He: “So, for the wrongdoing of the Jews”—namely, what has preceded concerning their breaking of the covenant, their disbelief in the signs of Allah, their slander against Mary, and their saying, “Indeed, we killed the Messiah”—“We forbade them good things that had been lawful for them,” namely, those mentioned in

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in Al-Anbiya, chapter: “The descent of Jesus son of Mary,” 6:490-491; by Muslim in Al-Iman, chapter: “The descent of Jesus son of Mary as a judge according to the law of our Prophet Muhammad,” no. 155, 1:135; and in Al-Musannaf, Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:80-81. (2) The text in parentheses is omitted from manuscript (B).

عَبَّاسٍ ﵃. قَالَ: فَقِيلَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ خَرَّ مِنْ فَوْقِ بَيْتٍ؟ قَالَ: يَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ فِي الْهَوَاءِ قَالَ: فَقِيلَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ ضُرِبَ عُنُقُ أَحَدِهِمْ؟ قَالَ: يَتَلَجْلَجُ بِهِ لِسَانُهُ. وَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّ الْهَاءَ فِي "مَوْتِهِ" كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ عِيسَى ﵇، مَعْنَاهُ: وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لِيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِعِيسَى قَبْلَ مَوْتِ عِيسَى ﵇، وَذَلِكَ عِنْدَ نُزُولِهِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ فَلَا يَبْقَى أَحَدٌ إِلَّا آمَنَ بِهِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ الْمِلَّةُ وَاحِدَةً، مِلَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ. وَرَوَيْنَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِيكُمُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ حَكَمًا عَدْلًا يَكْسِرُ الصَّلِيبَ، وَيَقْتُلُ الْخِنْزِيرَ، وَيَضَعُ الْجِزْيَةَ، وَيَفِيضُ الْمَالُ حَتَّى لَا يَقْبَلَهُ أَحَدٌ، وَيَهْلَكُ فِي زَمَانِهِ الْمِلَلُ كُلُّهَا إِلَّا الْإِسْلَامَ، وَيَقْتُلُ الدَّجَّالَ فَيَمْكُثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يُتَوَفَّى وَيُصَلِّي عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ"، وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: اقْرَأُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ: ﴿وَإِنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ﴾ قَبْلَ مَوْتِ عِيسَى بْنِ مَرْيَمَ، ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ (١) . وَرَوِيَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: أَنَّ الْهَاءَ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ﴾ كِنَايَةٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا يَمُوتُ كِتَابِيٌّ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ. وَقِيلَ: هِيَ رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ يَقُولُ: وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ ﷿، قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ عِنْدَ الْمُعَايَنَةِ حِينَ لَا يَنْفَعُهُ إِيمَانُهُ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ﴾ يَعْنِي: عِيسَى ﵇، ﴿عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا﴾ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَّغَهُمْ رِسَالَةَ رَبِّهِ، وَأَقَرَّ بِالْعُبُودِيَّةِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ [كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى مُخْبِرًا عَنْهُ "وَكُنْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا مَا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ" (الْمَائِدَةِ -١١٧) وَكُلُّ نَبِيٍّ شَاهِدٌ عَلَى أُمَّتِهِ] (٢) قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا" (النِّسَاءِ -٤١) . . ﴿فَبِظُلْمٍ مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ طَيِّبَاتٍ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ وَبِصَدِّهِمْ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا (١٦٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَبِظُلْمٍ مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا﴾ وَهُوَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ مِنْ نَقْضِهِمُ الْمِيثَاقَ وَكُفْرِهِمْ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَبُهْتَانِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَ، وَقَوْلِهِمْ: إِنَّا قَتَلَنَا الْمَسِيحَ ﴿حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ طَيِّبَاتٍ أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ﴾ وَهِيَ مَا ذُكِرَ فِي

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء، باب نزول عيسى بن مريم ﵉: ٦ / ٤٩٠ - ٤٩١، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب نزول عيسى بن مريم حاكما بشريعة نبينا محمد ﷺ، برقم (١٥٥) : ١ / ١٣٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ٨٠ - ٨١. (٢) ما بين القوسين ساقط من (ب) .