Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/306)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Because they broke their covenant, disbelieved in the signs of Allah, killed the prophets unjustly, and said, ‘Our hearts are wrapped up’—rather, Allah has sealed them because of their disbelief, so only a few of them believe. (155) And because of their disbelief and their uttering against Mary a tremendous slander; (156) and because they said, ‘Indeed, we killed the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah.’ Yet they neither killed him nor crucified him, but it was made to appear so to them. Indeed, those who differ concerning him are surely in doubt about him. They have no knowledge of it, following nothing but conjecture; and they certainly did not kill him. (157)”

Allah, Most High, says: “And We raised the Mount above them because of their covenant, and We said to them, ‘Enter the gate bowing humbly,’ and We said to them, ‘Do not transgress on the Sabbath.’” The Medinan reciters—Nafiʿ according to the transmission of Warsh—read it with the dāl doubled and the ʿayn vowelled with fatḥah, while the others read it in the jussive. Its meaning is: Do not overstep the bounds or commit wrongdoing by fishing for whales on that day. “And We took from them a solemn covenant.”

Allah, Most High, says: “Because they broke their covenant,” that is, because of their breaking it. The word mā is supplementary, as in His saying, Most High, “So it was by mercy from Allah” (Al ʿImran, 159), and similar expressions. “And because of their disbelief in the signs of Allah, their killing of the prophets unjustly, and their saying, ‘Our hearts are wrapped up’—rather, Allah has sealed them because of their disbelief”: that is, He has set a seal upon them. “So only a few of them believe”: this refers to a few among those who denied the messengers, not to those whose hearts Allah has sealed, for whoever Allah has sealed his heart will never believe. By “the few,” He meant Abd Allah ibn Salam and his companions. It was also said that its meaning is: they do not believe at all, whether little or much.

“And because of their disbelief and their uttering against Mary a tremendous slander”: when they accused her of fornication.

“And because they said, ‘Indeed, we killed the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah.’ Yet they neither killed him nor crucified him.”

﴿فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَكُفْرِهِمْ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَقَتْلِهِمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَقَوْلِهِمْ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ بَلْ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا (١٥٥) وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا (١٥٦) وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَكِنْ شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِنْهُ مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلَّا اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا (١٥٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ الطُّورَ بِمِيثَاقِهِمْ وَقُلْنَا لَهُمُ ادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ لَا تَعْدُوَا فِي السَّبْتِ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ بِتَشْدِيدِ الدَّالِّ وَفَتْحِ الْعَيْنِ نَافِعٍ بِرِوَايَةِ وَرْشٍ وَيَجْزِمُهَا الْآخَرُونَ، وَمَعْنَاهُ: لَا تَعْتَدُوا وَلَا تَظْلِمُوا بِاصْطِيَادِ الْحِيتَانِ فِيهِ، ﴿وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُمْ مِيثَاقًا غَلِيظًا﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثَاقَهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: فَبِنَقْضِهِمْ، و"مَا" صِلَةٌ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ" (آلِ عِمْرَانَ -١٥٩) ، وَنَحْوَهَا، ﴿وَكُفْرِهِمْ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَقَتْلِهِمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَقَوْلِهِمْ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ بَلْ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا بِكُفْرِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: خَتَمَ عَلَيْهَا، ﴿فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا﴾ يَعْنِي: مِمَّنْ كَذَّبَ الرُّسُلَ لَا مِمَّنْ طُبِعَ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ، لِأَنَّ مَنْ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ لَا يُؤْمِنُ أَبَدًا، وَأَرَادَ بِالْقَلِيلِ: عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَلَامٍ وَأَصْحَابَهُ، وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ قَلِيلًا وَلَا كَثِيرًا. ﴿وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا﴾ حِينَ رَمَوْهَا بِالزِّنَا. ﴿وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ﴾