Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/299)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

testimony, or turn away, abandoning its delivery. “For Allah is ever All-Aware of what you do.”

“O you who believe, believe in Allah and His Messenger, and in the Book that He has sent down to His Messenger, and in the Scripture that He sent down before. Whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day has indeed gone far astray.” (136)

His saying, Exalted is He: “O you who believe, believe in Allah and His Messenger”—to the end of the verse. Al-Kalbi narrated from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas, that this verse was revealed concerning Abdullah ibn Salam; Asad and Usayd, the two sons of Ka'b; Tha'labah ibn Qays; Salam, the son of the sister of Abdullah ibn Salam; Salamah, his brother; and Yamin ibn Yamin. These believers from among the People of the Scripture came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “We believe in you, in your Book, in Moses, in the Torah, and in Ezra; but we disbelieve in all other Scriptures and messengers.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Rather, believe in Allah, in His Messenger Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, in the Quran, in Moses and the Torah, and in every Scripture that preceded it.” So Allah revealed this verse: (1) “O you who believe”—in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, the Quran, Moses, peace be upon him, and the Torah—“believe in Allah and His Messenger,” Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, “and in the Book that was sent down to His Messenger,” meaning the Quran, “and in the Scripture that was sent down before,” namely the Torah, the Gospel, the Psalms, and all other Scriptures. (2)

Ibn Kathir, Ibn Amir, and Abu Amr recited “nuzzila” and “unzila,” with the nun and the initial alif pronounced with dammah; the others recited “nazzala” and “anzala,” with fathah—that is, Allah sent it down.

“Whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day has indeed gone far astray.” When this verse was revealed, they said, “Then we believe in Allah, His Messenger, the Quran, every messenger and Scripture that came before the Quran, the angels, and the Last Day. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we submit.”

Al-Dahhak said: It refers to the Jews and Christians. That is, “O you who believe” in Moses and Jesus, “believe” in Muhammad and the Quran. Mujahid said: It refers to the hypocrites: “O you who believe with your tongues, believe with your hearts.” Abu al-Aliyah and a group of scholars said: This is an address to the believers, meaning: “O you who believe, believe”—that is, uphold and remain steadfast upon faith. It is like saying to someone who is standing, “Remain standing until I return to you,” meaning, remain standing. It was also said that it refers to the polytheists: that is, “O you who believe” in al-Lat and al-Uzza, “believe” in Allah and His Messenger.

(1) Cited by al-Suyuti in Al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:716. See also al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 178-179. (2) The margin of the Zahiriyyah manuscript (A) reads: “It is possible that the words ‘O you who have believed’ refer to the time of the covenant, when they said, ‘Yes indeed’; [that is,] ‘Believe now in Allah and His Messenger,’ as the verse continues.”

الشَّهَادَةِ أَوْ تُعْرِضُوا فَتَتْرُكُوا أَدَاءَهَا ﴿فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا (١٣٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ الْآيَةَ، قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَأَسَدٍ وَأُسِيدِ ابْنَيْ كَعْبٍ، وَثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ قَيْسٍ وَسَلَامِ بْنِ أُخْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، وَسَلَمَةَ بْنِ أَخِيهِ وَيَامِينَ بْنِ يَامِينَ فَهَؤُلَاءِ مُؤْمِنُوا أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّا نُؤْمِنُ بِكَ وَبِكِتَابِكَ وَبِمُوسَى وَالتَّوْرَاةِ وَعُزَيْرٍ وَنَكْفُرُ بِمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الْكُتُبِ وَالرُّسُلِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "بَلْ آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَالْقُرْآنِ وَبِمُوسَى والتوارةِ، وَبِكُلِّ كِتَابٍ قَبْلَهُ"، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (١) ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَالْقُرْآنِ وَبِمُوسَى ﵇ وَالتَّوْرَاةِ ﴿آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ﴾ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، ﴿وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي نَزَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ﴾ يَعْنِي الْقُرْآنَ، ﴿وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَالزَّبُورِ وَسَائِرِ الْكُتُبِ (٢) . قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو " نُزِّلَ وَأُنْزِلَ " بِضَمِّ النُّونِ وَالْأَلِفِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ " نَزَلَ وَأَنْزَلَ " بِالْفَتْحِ أَيْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ. ﴿وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا﴾ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ قَالُوا: فَإِنَّا نُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْقُرْآنِ وَبِكُلِّ رَسُولٍ وَكِتَابٍ كَانَ قَبْلَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: أَرَادَ بِهِ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى، يَقُولُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ بِمُوسَى وَعِيسَى ﴿آمِنُوا﴾ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَالْقُرْآنِ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: أَرَادَ بِهِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللِّسَانِ آمِنُوا بِالْقَلْبِ وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ وَجَمَاعَةٌ: هَذَا خِطَابٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَقُولُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا آمِنُوا﴾ أَيْ أَقِيمُوا وَاثْبُتُوا عَلَى الْإِيمَانِ، كَمَا يُقَالُ لِلْقَائِمِ: قُمْ حَتَّى أَرْجِعَ إِلَيْكَ، أَيِ اثْبُتْ قَائِمًا، وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ بِهِ أَهْلَ الشِّرْكِ، يَعْنِي ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ بِاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى ﴿آمِنُوا﴾ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ.

(١) ذكره السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٧١٦، وانظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (١٧٨ - ١٧٩) . (٢) في هامش نسخة الظاهرية (أ) ما يلي: ويجوز أن يراد بقوله "يا أيها الذين آمنوا" في وقت الميثاق، حين قالوا: بلى، "آمنوا" الآن "بالله ورسوله" الآية.