Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/297)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

a previously married woman, he remains with her for three nights and then divides his time equally. Abu Qilabah said: “If I wished, I could say that Anas traced it back to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.” (1)

If a man intends to undertake a journey for some need, he may take one of his wives with him, after drawing lots among them. He is then not required to make up for the other wives the duration of his journey, even if it is lengthy, provided that his stay in a town does not exceed the period allowed for travellers. The evidence for this is what Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us: Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal narrated to us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm narrated to us; al-Rabi narrated to us; al-Shafi‘i narrated to us; my uncle Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Shafi‘i narrated to us, from Ibn Shihab, from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah, from Aishah, the wife of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “Whenever the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, wished to travel, he would draw lots among his wives, and whichever of them was selected, he would take her with him.” As for a journey of relocation, he may not single out some of them, whether by drawing lots or otherwise. (2)

“To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Indeed, We enjoined upon those who were given the Scripture before you, and upon you, to fear Allah. But if you disbelieve, then surely to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And Allah is Self-Sufficient, Praiseworthy. (131) To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allah as a Guardian. (132)”

His saying, Exalted is He: “To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth”—as servants and as His possession. “Indeed, We enjoined upon those who were given the Scripture before you,” meaning the people of the Torah and the Gospel, and all the earlier nations, in their scriptures; “and upon you,” O people of the Quran, in your Book, “to fear Allah”—that is, to affirm Allah’s oneness and obey Him. “But if you disbelieve” in what Allah has enjoined upon you, “then surely to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth.” It was said: Allah has angels in the heavens and on the earth who are more obedient to Him than you. “And Allah is Self-Sufficient,” needing nothing from any of His creation and having no need of their obedience; “Praiseworthy,” worthy of praise for His blessings.

“To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allah as a Guardian.” Ikrimah related from Ibn Abbas: it means, a Witness that those within them are servants. It was also said: One who repels harm and grants refuge.

If it is asked, “What is the purpose of repeating His saying, Exalted is He, ‘To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth’?” the answer is: each occurrence has a distinct meaning. The first means: To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth, yet He enjoins upon you mindfulness of Him; so accept His injunction. The second means: To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth, and Allah is Self-Sufficient—that is, He alone is free of all need, and to Him belongs all dominion; so ask of Him whatever you seek. The third means: “To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allah as a Guardian”—that is, all dominion belongs to Him, so take Him as your Guardian and do not rely upon anyone besides Him.

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Marriage, chapter “When One Marries a Virgin While Already Married to a Previously Married Woman,” 9:313; by Muslim in the Book of Breastfeeding, chapter “The Length of Stay to Which a Virgin and a Previously Married Woman Are Entitled after the Wedding,” no. 1461, 2:1084; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:155. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in the Book of Gifts, chapter “A Woman’s Gift to Someone Other Than Her Husband and Her Manumission of a Slave When She Has a Husband,” 5:218; by Muslim in the Book of Repentance, chapter “The Hadith of al-Ifk (the Slander Incident) and the Acceptance of the Repentance of One Who Makes an Accusation of Adultery,” no. 2770, 4:2130; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:153.

الثَّيِّبَ أَقَامَ عِنْدَهَا ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ. قَالَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ: وَلَوْ شِئْتُ لَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ أَنَسًا رَفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ (١) . وَإِذَا أَرَادَ الرَّجُلُ سَفَرَ حَاجَةٍ فَيَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ بَعْضَ نِسَائِهِ مَعَ نَفْسِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يُقْرِعَ بَيْنَهُنَّ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ لَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ لِلْبَاقِيَاتِ مُدَّةَ سِفْرِهِ، وَإِنْ طَالَتْ إِذَا لَمْ يَزِدْ مَقَامُهُ فِي بَلَدِهِ عَلَى مُدَّةِ الْمُسَافِرِينَ، وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، ثَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، ثَنَا عَمِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عَبِيدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: "كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ السَّفَرَ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهَا، أَمَّا إِذَا أَرَادَ سَفَرَ نُقْلَةٍ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ تَخْصِيصُ بَعْضِهِنَّ لَا بِالْقُرْعَةِ وَلَا بِغَيْرِهَا" (٢) . ﴿وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَنِ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَإِنْ تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَنِيًّا حَمِيدًا (١٣١) وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا (١٣٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ عَبِيدًا وَمُلْكًا ﴿وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: أَهَّلَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ وَسَائِرَ الْأُمَمِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَةِ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ، ﴿وَإِيَّاكُمْ﴾ أَهْلَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ، ﴿أَنِ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ﴾ أَيْ: وَحِّدُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوهُ، ﴿وَإِنْ تَكْفُرُوا﴾ بِمَا أَوْصَاكُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِ ﴿فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ قِيلَ: فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ ملائكة في السموات وَالْأَرْضِ هِيَ أَطْوَعُ لَهُ مِنْكُمْ، ﴿وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَنِيًّا﴾ عَنْ جَمِيعِ خَلْقِهِ غَيْرَ مُحْتَاجٍ إِلَى طَاعَتِهِمْ، ﴿حَمِيدًا﴾ مَحْمُودًا عَلَى نِعَمِهِ. ﴿وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا﴾ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي شَهِيدًا أَنَّ فِيهَا عَبِيدًا، وَقِيلَ: دَافِعًا وَمُجِيرًا. فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَأَيُّ فَائِدَةٍ فِي تَكْرَارِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ﴿وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ قِيلَ: لِكُلٍّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا وَجْهٌ، أَمَّا الْأَوَّلُ: فَمَعْنَاهُ لِلَّهِ ما في السموات وما فِي الْأَرْضِ وَهُوَ يُوصِيكُمْ بِالتَّقْوَى فَاقْبَلُوا وَصِيَّتَهُ، وَأَمَّا الثَّانِي فَيَقُولُ: فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَنِيًّا أَيْ: هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ وَلَهُ الْمُلْكُ فَاطْلُبُوا مِنْهُ مَا تَطْلُبُونَ وَأَمَّا الثَّالِثُ فَيَقُولُ: ﴿وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا﴾ أَيْ: لَهُ الْمُلْكُ فَاتَّخِذُوهُ وَكِيلًا وَلَا تَتَوَكَّلُوا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في النكاح، باب إذا تزوج البكر على الثيب: ٩ / ٣١٣، ومسلم في الرضاع، باب قدر ما تستحقه البكر والثيب من إقامة الزوج عندها عقب الزفاف، برقم (١٤٦١) : ٢ / ١٠٨٤. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ١٥٥. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الهبة، باب هبة المرأة لغير زوجها وعتقها إذا كان لها زوج. . . ٥ / ٢١٨، ومسلم في التوبة، باب في حديث الإفك وقبول توبة القاذف، برقم (٢٧٧٠) ٤ / ٢١٣٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ١٥٣.