Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/296)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It is related from Abu Qilabah that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to apportion his time among his wives and treat them equitably, saying: “O Allah, this is my apportionment in what I control, so do not take me to task for what You control and I do not.” (1) Some narrate it from Abu Qilabah, from Abdullah ibn Yazid, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, as a connected narration.

It is related from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever has two wives and inclines toward one of them will come on the Day of Resurrection with one side of his body leaning.” (2) “If you set matters right and are mindful of Allah”—that is, by avoiding injustice—“then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

“But if they separate, Allah will enrich each of them out of His abundance. And Allah is All-Bountiful, All-Wise. (130)”

“But if they separate,” meaning the husband and wife through divorce, “Allah will enrich each of them out of His abundance,” that is, out of His provision: the woman with another husband and the husband with another wife. “And Allah is All-Bountiful, All-Wise”—abundant in bounty and mercy, and wise in what He commands and prohibits.

In sum, the legal ruling of the verse is that if a man has two or more wives, he must divide his time equally among them. If he fails to do so in the allocation of turns, he has disobeyed Allah Most High and must make up the time owed to the wife who was wronged. Equal treatment is required with regard to spending the night with them, but not with regard to sexual intercourse, since that depends upon desire and is not fully within one’s control. If he is married to a free woman and an enslaved woman, he spends two nights with the free woman and one night with the enslaved woman. If he marries a new wife while he already has other wives, he grants the new wife seven consecutive nights if she is a virgin; if she was previously married, then three nights. Thereafter, he must treat them all equally, and he is not required to make up these nights for the existing wives.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Yusuf ibn Rashid narrated to us; Abu Usamah narrated to us; Sufyan al-Thawri narrated to us; Ayyub and Khalid narrated to us, from Abu Qilabah, from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: It is from the sunnah that if a man marries a virgin in addition to a previously married woman, he remains with her for seven nights and then divides his time equally; and if he marries

(1) Narrated by Abu Dawud in the Book of Marriage, chapter “Division of Time among Wives,” 3:63-64, on the authority of Aishah; al-Tirmidhi in the Book of Marriage, chapter “Equal Treatment among Co-Wives,” 4:294; al-Nasai in the Book of Living with Women, chapter “A Man Inclining toward Some of His Wives Rather than Others,” 7:63-64; Ibn Majah in the Book of Marriage, chapter “Division of Time among Wives,” no. 1971, 1:2633; and al-Darimi in the Book of Marriage, chapter “Division among Wives,” 2:144. Ibn Hibban graded it authentic, no. 1305, p. 317 of Mawarid al-Zaman; al-Hakim graded it authentic according to Muslim's criteria, 2:187, and al-Dhahabi agreed. See also: Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:151. Al-Tirmidhi and al-Nasai noted that it was also narrated in mursal form, and al-Tirmidhi stated that the mursal version is more authentic. (2) Narrated by Abu Dawud in the previous location, 3:63; al-Tirmidhi in the same location, 4:295; al-Nasai in the same location, 7:63; Ibn Majah, no. 1969, 1:633; and al-Darimi, 2:143. Ibn Hibban graded it authentic, no. 1307, p. 317. Al-Tirmidhi said: “We know it as a marfu report only through the hadith of Hammam.” Al-Hakim graded it authentic according to the criteria of al-Bukhari and Muslim, 2:186. Remarkably, the editor of the new edition of al-Baghawi stated in vol. 1, p. 487: “I found no hadith authority who transmitted it other than al-Baghawi!”

وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ، فَيَعْدِلُ وَيَقُولُ: "اللَّهُمَّ هَذَا قَسْمِي فِيمَا أَمْلِكُ فَلَا تَلُمْنِي فِيمَا تَمْلِكُ وَلَا أَمْلِكُ" (١) ، وَرَوَاهُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ مُتَّصِلًا. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ فَمَالَ إِلَى إِحْدَاهُمَا جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَشِقُّهُ مَائِلٌ" (٢) . ﴿وَإِنْ تُصْلِحُوا وَتَتَّقُوا﴾ الْجَوْرَ، ﴿فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا﴾ ﴿وَإِنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا يُغْنِ اللَّهُ كُلًّا مِنْ سَعَتِهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ وَاسِعًا حَكِيمًا (١٣٠) ﴾ ﴿وَإِنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا﴾ يَعْنِي: الزَّوْجُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ بِالطَّلَاقِ، ﴿يُغْنِ اللَّهُ كُلًّا مِنْ سَعَتِهِ﴾ مِنْ رِزْقِهِ، يَعْنِي: الْمَرْأَةَ بِزَوْجٍ آخَرَ وَالزَّوْجَ بِامْرَأَةٍ أُخْرَى، ﴿وَكَانَ اللَّهُ وَاسِعًا حَكِيمًا﴾ وَاسِعَ الْفَضْلِ وَالرَّحْمَةِ حَكِيمًا فِيمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ وَنَهَى عَنْهُ. وَجُمْلَةُ حُكْمِ الْآيَةِ: أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ فَإِنَّهُ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ التَّسْوِيَةُ بَيْنَهُنَّ فِي الْقَسْمِ، فَإِنْ تَرَكَ التَّسْوِيَةَ بَيْنَهُنَّ فِي فِعْلِ الْقَسْمِ عَصَى اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، وَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ لِلْمَظْلُومَةِ، وَالتَّسْوِيَةُ، شَرْطٌ فِي الْبَيْتُوتَةِ، أَمَّا فِي الْجِمَاعِ فَلَا لِأَنَّهُ يَدُورُ عَلَى النَّشَاطِ وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ وَلَوْ كَانَتْ فِي نِكَاحِهِ حُرَّةٌ وَأَمَةٌ فَإِنَّهُ يَبِيتُ عِنْدَ الْحُرَّةِ لَيْلَتَيْنِ وَعِنْدَ الْأَمَةِ لَيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَإِذَا تَزَوُّجَ جَدِيدَةً عَلَى قَدِيمَاتٍ عِنْدَهُ يَخُصُّ الْجَدِيدَةَ بِأَنْ يَبِيتَ عِنْدَهَا سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ عَلَى التَّوَالِي إِنْ كَانَتْ بِكْرًا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ ثَيِّبًا فَثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ ثُمَّ يُسَوِّي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْكُلِّ، وَلَا يَجِبُ قَضَاءُ هَذِهِ اللَّيَالِي لِلْقَدِيمَاتِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، ثَنَا أَيُّوبُ وَخَالِدٌ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ﵁ قَالَ: مِنَ السُّنَّةِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الْبِكْرَ عَلَى الثَّيِّبِ أَقَامَ عِنْدَهَا سَبْعًا، ثُمَّ قَسَمَ، وَإِذَا تَزَوَّجَ

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في النكاح، باب في القسم بين النساء: ٣ / ٦٣ - ٦٤ عن عائشة، والترمذي في النكاح باب ما جاء في التسوية بين الضرائر: ٤ / ٢٩٤، والنسائي في عشرة النساء، باب ميل الرجل إلى بعض نسائه دون بعض: ٧ / ٦٣ - ٦٤ وابن ماجه في النكاح، باب القسم بين النساء برقم (١٩٧١) : ١ / ٢٦٣٣ وصححه ابن حبان برقم (١٣٠٥) ص (٣١٧) من موارد الظمآن، وصححه الحاكم على شرط مسلم: ٢ / ١٨٧ ووافقه الذهبي، والدارمي في النكاح، باب القسمة بين النساء: ٢ / ١٤٤. وانظر: شرح السنة: ٩ / ١٥١ وذكر الترمذي والنسائي إنه روى مرسلا وذكر الترمذي أن المرسل أصح. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الموضع السابق: ٣ / ٦٣، والترمذي في الموضع نفسه: ٤ / ٢٩٥، والنسائي في الموضع نفسه: ٧ / ٦٣، وابن ماجه، نفسه برقم (١٩٦٩) : ١ / ٦٣٣، والدارمي: ٢ / ١٤٣، وصححه ابن حبان (١٣٠٧) ص (٣١٧) . وقال الترمذي: ولا نعرفه مرفوعا إلا من حديث همام، وصححه الحاكم على شرط الشيخين ٢ / ١٨٦ ومن العجب أن مخرج الطبعة الجديدة للبغوي قال في ص ٤٨٧ من الجزء الأول: لم أجد من أخرجه من أئمة الحديث سوى البغوي! !.