Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/291)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

peace and blessings be upon him, said: “What is the matter with you, O Abu Bakr?” I said: “O Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you! Which of us has not committed evil? Are we to be recompensed for every evil we have done?” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “As for you, O Abu Bakr, and your believing companions, you will be recompensed for that in this world until you meet Allah with no sins remaining upon you. As for the others, it will be accumulated for them until they are recompensed on the Day of Resurrection.” (1)

“Whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer—such shall enter Paradise and will not be wronged even by so much as the speck in a date stone. And who is better in religion than one who submits himself to Allah while doing good, and follows the creed of Abraham, inclining to the truth? And Allah took Abraham as an intimate friend.”

His statement, Exalted is He: “Whoever does righteous deeds, whether male or female, while being a believer—such shall enter Paradise and will not be wronged even by so much as the speck in a date stone.” That is, they will not be wronged by even the measure of the tiny indentation found on the back of a date stone.

Ibn Kathir, Abu Jafar, the reciters of Basra, and Abu Bakr recited “they will be admitted” in the passive form, with an u-vowel on the initial yāʾ and an a-vowel on the khāʾ, here and in Surah Maryam and Surah Ghafir. Abu Amr additionally recited, in Surah Fatir, “they will be admitted into it.” The others recited it in the active form: “they will enter,” with an a-vowel on the initial yāʾ and an u-vowel on the khāʾ.

Al-Amash narrated from Abu al-Duha, from Masruq, who said: When the verse was revealed, “It will not be according to your wishful thinking or that of the People of the Book. Whoever commits evil will be recompensed for it,” the People of the Book said: “We and you are equal.” So this verse was revealed: “Whoever does righteous deeds...” (2) This was also revealed:

“And who is better in religion”—that is, more sound in religion—“than one who submits himself to Allah,” meaning, one who makes his deeds sincere for Allah. It was also said that it means: one who entrusts his affairs to Allah. “While doing good,” that is, affirming Allah’s oneness; “and follows the creed of Abraham,” meaning the religion of Abraham, peace be upon him, “inclining to the truth,” that is, a sincere Muslim. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Among the religion of Abraham is prayer facing the Ka'bah.

(1) This hadith is sound by virtue of its various chains and corroborating reports. Al-Tirmidhi narrated it in his Tafsir of Surat al-Nisa, 8:401-402, and said: “This is a gharib hadith; there is discussion concerning its chain of transmission. Musa ibn Ubaydah is considered weak in hadith; Yahya ibn Sa'id and Ahmad ibn Hanbal both declared him weak. Mawla ibn Siba is unknown. This hadith has also been narrated from Abu Bakr through another route, but it likewise has no sound chain.” There is also a report on this subject from Aishah. Al-Marwazi narrated it in Musnad Abi Bakr al-Siddiq, no. 20, pp. 58-59. Through another chain, it was also narrated by Ahmad in al-Musnad, 1:181; al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan, 3:373; Ibn Hibban, who declared it sound, no. 1734, p. 429 of Mawarid al-Zam'an, from Aishah; and al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 3:74, who declared it sound, with al-Dhahabi concurring. It was also narrated by al-Baghawi in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:249-250. See also: Kanz al-Ummal, 1:380-381; al-Albani, Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah, 3:686. It is authentically reported from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: When the verse, “Whoever does evil will be recompensed for it,” was revealed, it greatly distressed the Muslims. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: “Seek to act rightly and as closely as you can, for every affliction that befalls a Muslim is an expiation, even a misfortune that strikes him or a thorn that pricks him.” Muslim narrated it in al-Birr wa al-Silah, chapter: “The believer’s reward for illness, harm, and the like,” no. 2574, 4:1993. (2) See: al-Tabari, Tafsir, 9:228-229.

اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ؟ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّيِّ وَأَيُّنَا لَمْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا؟ إِنَّا لَمَجْزِيُّونَ بِكُلِّ سُوءٍ عَمِلْنَاهُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَأَصْحَابُكَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ فَتُجْزَوْنَ بِذَلِكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى تَلْقَوُا اللَّهَ، وَلَيْسَتْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبٌ، وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُونَ فَيُجْمَعُ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ حَتَّى يُجْزَوْا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ" (١) . ﴿وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَّالِحَاتِ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ نَقِيرًا (١٢٤) وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ وَاتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَاتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلًا (١٢٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَّالِحَاتِ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ نَقِيرًا﴾ أَيْ: مِقْدَارُ النَّقِيرِ، وَهُوَ النَّقْرَةُ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي ظَهْرِ النَّوَاةِ، قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ وَأَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ﴿يُدْخَلُونَ﴾ بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ وَفَتْحِ الْخَاءِ هَاهُنَا وَفِي سُورَةِ مَرْيَمَ وَحَم الْمُؤْمِنِ، زَادَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو: " يُدْخَلُونَهَا " فِي سُورَةِ فَاطِرٍ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ وَضَمِّ الْخَاءِ. رَوَى الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ ﴿لَيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ وَلَا أَمَانِيِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ﴾ قَالَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ: نَحْنُ وَأَنْتُمْ سَوَاءٌ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَّالِحَاتِ﴾ الْآيَةَ (٢) ، وَنَزَلَتْ أَيْضًا: ﴿وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا﴾ أَحْكَمُ دِينًا ﴿مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّهِ﴾ أَيْ أَخْلَصَ عَمَلَهُ لِلَّهِ، وَقِيلَ: فَوَّضَ أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ، ﴿وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ﴾ أَيْ: مُوَحِّدٌ، ﴿وَاتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ﴾ يَعْنِي: دِينَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇، ﴿حَنِيفًا﴾ أَيْ: مُسْلِمًا مُخْلِصًا، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: وَمِنْ دِينِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الصَّلَاةُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ

(١) حديث صحيح بطرقه وشواهده، فقد أخرجه الترمذي في تفسير سورة النساء: ٨ / ٤٠١ - ٤٠٢، وقال: هذا حديث غريب، في إسناده مقال، وموسى بن عبيدة: يضعف في الحديث، ضعفه يحيى بن سعيد وأحمد بن حنبل. ومولى بن سباع: مجهول. وقد روي هذا الحديث من غير هذا الوجه عن أبي بكر، وليس له إسناد صحيح أيضا. وفي الباب عن عائشة، والمروزي في مسند أبي بكر الصديق برقم (٢٠) ص (٥٨، ٥٩) . ومن طريق أخرى أخرجه أيضا الإمام أحمد في المسند: ١ / ١٨١، والبيهقي في السنن: ٣ / ٣٧٣، وصححه ابن حبان برقم (١٧٣٤) ص (٤٢٩) من موارد الظمآن عن عائشة صححه، الحاكم في المستدرك: ٣ / ٧٤، ووافقه الذهبي. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٢٤٩ - ٢٥٠، وانظر: كنز العمال: ١ / ٣٨٠ - ٣٨١، سلسلة الأحاديث الضعيفة للألباني: ٣ / ٦٨٦. وقد صح عن أبي هريرة ﵁ أنه قال: لما نزلت (من يعمل سوءا يجز به) بلغت من المسلمين مبلغا شديدا، فقال رسول الله ﷺ:"قاربوا وسددوا، ففي كل ما يصاب به المسلم كفارة، حتى النكبة ينكبها، أو الشوكة يشاكها" أخرجه مسلم في البر والصلة، باب ثواب المؤمن فيما يصيبه من فرض. . . برقم (٢٥٧٤) : ٤ / ١٩٩٣. (٢) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ٩ / ٢٢٨ - ٢٢٩.