Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/290)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

that is, from beneath the upper chambers and dwellings—“abiding therein forever: a true promise from Allah. And whose word is truer than Allah’s?”

His statement, Exalted is He: “It will not be according to your wishful thinking or that of the People of the Book...” Masruq, Qatadah, and al-Dahhak said: This means: It will not be according to your wishful thinking, O Muslims, nor according to the wishful thinking of the People of the Book—that is, the Jews and Christians. This was because they boasted among themselves. The People of the Book said: “Our prophet came before your prophet, and our Book before your Book; therefore, we are more entitled to Allah than you are.” The Muslims said: “Our Prophet is the Seal of the Prophets, and our Book judges over the other Books. We have believed in your Book, whereas you have not believed in our Book; therefore, we are more entitled.” (1)

Mujahid said: “It will not be according to your wishful thinking”—that is, the wishful thinking of the polytheists and the People of the Book. The polytheists said: “There is no resurrection and no reckoning,” while the People of the Book said: “The Fire will never touch us except for a few days” (al-Baqarah 2:80), and, “No one will enter Paradise unless he is a Jew or a Christian” (al-Baqarah 2:111). So Allah, Exalted is He, revealed: “It will not be according to your wishful thinking” (2)—that is, the matter is not determined by wishful thinking; rather, it is determined by righteous deeds.

“Whoever commits evil will be recompensed for it.” Ibn Abbas, Said ibn Jubayr, and a group of scholars said: The verse is general and applies to everyone who acts.

Al-Kalbi reported from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him: When this verse was revealed, it caused distress to the Muslims, and they said: “O Messenger of Allah, which of us has not committed evil besides you? How, then, shall recompense be?” He said: “Part of it takes place in this world. Whoever performs a good deed will have ten good deeds, while whoever is recompensed for an evil deed will have one deducted from his ten, leaving him nine good deeds. So woe to the one whose single units outweigh his tens! As for the recompense that takes place in the Hereafter, his good deeds and evil deeds will be set against one another: for each evil deed, he will find a corresponding good deed, and then the surplus will be considered. Thus, he will be granted the recompense in Paradise, and Allah will give every person of merit his due merit.” (3)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Abdusi narrated to us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Sulayman al-Faqih in Baghdad narrated to us; Yahya ibn Jafar ibn al-Zibriqan and al-Harith ibn Muhammad narrated to us, saying: Rawh—that is, Ibn Ubadah—narrated to us; Musa ibn Ubaydah narrated to us; the client of Ibn Siba told me: I heard Abd Allah ibn Umar narrating from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I was with ⦗97/a⦘ the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, when this verse was revealed to him: “Whoever commits evil will be recompensed for it, and will find no protector or helper besides Allah.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “O Abu Bakr, shall I not recite to you a verse that has been revealed to me?” He said: “I said: ‘Indeed, please do.’ So he recited it to me. I only knew that I felt a cracking in my back, such that I stretched myself because of it.” Then the Messenger of Allah

(1) See: al-Tabari, Tafsir, 9:228-229; al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 211-212. (2) See: al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:693. (3) This report is narrated by al-Kalbi. Hadith scholars rejected him because he was a liar. His biographical notice has already appeared in the introduction.

أَيْ: مِنْ تَحْتِ الْغُرَفِ وَالْمَسَاكِنِ، ﴿خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقًّا وَمَنْ أَصْدَقُ مِنَ اللَّهِ قِيلًا﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ وَلَا أَمَانِيِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ﴾ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ وَقَتَادَةُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: أَرَادَ لَيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ أَيُّهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَلَا أَمَانِيِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ يَعْنِي الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمُ افْتَخَرُوا، فَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ: نَبِيُّنَا قَبْلَ نَبِيِّكُمْ وَكِتَابُنَا قَبْلَ كِتَابِكُمْ فَنَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِاللَّهِ مِنْكُمْ، وَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: نَبِيُّنَا خَاتَمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَكِتَابُنَا يَقْضِي عَلَى الْكُتُبِ، وَقَدْ آمَنَّا بِكِتَابِكُمْ وَلَمْ تُؤْمِنُوا بِكِتَابِنَا فَنَحْنُ أَوْلَى (١) . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: ﴿لَيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ﴾ يَا مُشْرِكِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: لَا بَعْثَ وَلَا حِسَابَ، وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ: "لَنْ تَمَسَّنَا النَّارُ إِلَّا أَيَّامًا مَعْدُودَةً" (الْبَقَرَةِ -٨٠) "لَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَى" (الْبَقَرَةِ -١١١) ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ﴾ (٢) أَيْ: لَيْسَ الْأَمْرُ بِالْأَمَانِي وَإِنَّمَا الْأَمْرُ بِالْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ. ﴿مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ﴾ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَجَمَاعَةٌ: الْآيَةُ عَامَّةٌ فِي حَقِّ كُلِّ عامل. وقال الكبي عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ شَقَّتْ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَأَيُّنَا لَمْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا غَيْرَكَ فَكَيْفَ الْجَزَاءُ؟ قَالَ: "مِنْهُ مَا يَكُونُ فِي الدُّنْيَا، فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ حَسَنَةً فَلَهُ عَشْرُ حَسَنَاتٍ، وَمَنْ جُوزِيَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ نَقَصَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْ عَشْرٍ، وَبَقِيَتْ لَهُ تِسْعُ حَسَنَاتٍ، فَوَيْلٌ لِمَنْ غَلَبَتْ آحَادُهُ أَعْشَارَهُ، وَأَمَّا مَا يَكُونُ جَزَاءً فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَيُقَابِلُ بَيْنَ حَسَنَاتِهِ وَسَيِّئَاتِهِ، فَيَلْقَى مَكَانَ كُلِّ سَيِّئَةٍ حَسَنَةً وَيَنْظُرُ فِي الْفَضْلِ، فَيُعْطَى الْجَزَاءَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَيُؤْتِي كُلَّ ذِي فَضْلٍ فَضْلَهُ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْعَبْدُوسِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزِّبْرِقَانِ وَالْحَرْثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَا ثَنَا رَوْحٌ هُوَ ابْنُ عُبَادَةَ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَوْلَى بْنِ سِبَاعٍ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقِ ﵁ قَالَ: كنت عند ٩٧/أرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: ﴿مَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ وَلَا يَجِدْ لَهُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا﴾ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَلَّا أُقْرِئَكَ آيَةً أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيَّ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ بَلَى، قَالَ: فَأَقْرَأَنِيهَا، قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا أَنِّي وَجَدْتُ انْفِصَامًا فِي ظَهْرِي حَتَّى تَمَطَّيْتُ لَهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ

(١) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ٩ / ٢٢٨ - ٢٢٩، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٢١١ - ٢١٢) . (٢) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٦٩٣. (٣) هذا الخبر من رواية الكلبي، تركه أهل الحديث لأنه كان كذابا، وقد سبقت ترجمته في المقدمة.