Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/286)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

had intended: “a group among them”—meaning Tu'mah’s people—“to mislead you,” causing you to err in judgment and confusing the matter for you, so that you would defend Tu'mah. “Yet they mislead none but themselves,” meaning that the evil consequence of this returns upon them. “Nor can they harm you in any way”: that is, their harm returns upon themselves. “And Allah has sent down to you the Book,” meaning the Quran, “and wisdom,” meaning judgment through revelation, “and has taught you what you did not know” of legal rulings. It is also said: of knowledge of the unseen. “And Allah’s favor upon you has been immense.”

His saying, Exalted is He: “There is no good in much of their private counsel,” meaning Tu'mah’s people. Mujahid said: The verse is general and applies to all people. Private counsel is secret deliberation and planning. It is also said that private counsel is what a group plans among themselves, whether secretly or openly. Thus, the meaning of the verse is: there is no good in much of what they plan among themselves, “except for one who enjoins charity”—that is, except in the private counsel of one who enjoins charity. Thus, private counsel may refer to an act. It is also said that this is a disconnected exception, meaning: rather, whoever enjoins charity. It is further said that private counsel here means the people engaged in private consultation, as Allah, Exalted is He, says: “when they are engaged in private conversation” (17:47).

“Except for one who enjoins charity,” that is, who urges it; “or kindness,” meaning obedience to Allah and whatever the Sacred Law recognizes as good. All righteous deeds are recognized good, because reason recognizes them.

“Or reconciliation between people.” Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi informed us; Muhammad ibn Hammad informed us; Abu Mu'awiyah informed us, from al-A'mash, from Amr ibn Murrah, from Salim—who was Ibn Abi al-Ja'd—from Umm al-Darda', may Allah be pleased with her, from Abu al-Darda', who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Shall I not tell you of what is greater in rank than fasting, charity, and prayer?” He said: We replied, “Indeed, do.” He said: “Reconciling relations between people. And the corruption of relations between people is the destroyer.” (1)

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Bishran informed us; and Ismail informed us.

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Adab al-Mufrad, p. 118; Abu Dawud, Kitab al-Adab, chapter on reconciling people: 7:25; al-Tirmidhi, Kitab Sifat al-Qiyamah, chapter on the evil of discord between people: 7:212, who said, “This is an authentic hadith”; Ahmad, al-Musnad, 6:444-445; and the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:116.

أَضْمَرَتْ، ﴿طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: قَوَّمَ طُعْمَةَ، ﴿أَنْ يُضِلُّوكَ﴾ يُخَطِّئُوكَ فِي الْحُكْمِ وَيُلْبِسُوا عَلَيْكَ الْأَمْرَ حَتَّى تُدَافِعَ عَنْ طُعْمَةَ، ﴿وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي يَرْجِعُ وَبَالُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، ﴿وَمَا يَضُرُّونَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ﴾ يُرِيدُ أَنَّ ضَرَرَهُ يَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِمْ، ﴿وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ، ﴿وَالْحِكْمَةَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقَضَاءَ بِالْوَحْيِ ﴿وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْلَمُ﴾ مِنَ الْأَحْكَامِ، وَقِيلَ: مِنْ عِلْمِ الْغَيْبِ، ﴿وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيمًا﴾ . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَا خَيْرَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ نَجْوَاهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: قَوْمَ طُعْمَةَ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الْآيَةُ عَامَّةٌ فِي حَقِّ جَمِيعِ النَّاسِ، وَالنَّجْوَى: هِيَ الْإِسْرَارُ فِي التَّدْبِيرِ، وَقِيلَ: النَّجْوَى مَا يَنْفَرِدُ بِتَدْبِيرِهِ قَوْمٌ سِرًّا كَانَ أَوْ جَهْرًا، فَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: لَا خَيْرَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِمَّا يُدَبِّرُونَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ أَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ﴾ أَيْ: إِلَّا فِي نَجْوَى مَنْ أَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ، فَالنَّجْوَى تَكُونُ فِعْلًا وَقِيلَ: هَذَا اسْتِثْنَاءٌ مُنْقَطِعٌ، يَعْنِي: لَكِنْ مَنْ أَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ، وقيل النجوى ها هنا: الرِّجَالُ الْمُتَنَاجُونَ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى "وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوَى" (الْإِسْرَاءِ -٤٧) . ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ أَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ﴾ أَيْ: حَثَّ عَلَيْهَا، ﴿أَوْ مَعْرُوفٍ﴾ أَيْ: بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَمَا يُعَرِّفُهُ الشَّرْعُ، وَأَعْمَالُ الْبِرِّ كُلُّهَا مَعْرُوفٌ، لِأَنَّ الْعُقُولَ تَعْرِفُهَا. ﴿أَوْ إِصْلَاحٍ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، أَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ أُمِّ الدَّرْدَاءِ ﵂، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِأَفْضَلَ مِنْ دَرَجَةِ الصِّيَامِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ وَالصَّلَاةِ"؟ قَالَ: قُلْنَا بَلَى، قَالَ: "إِصْلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ. وَفَسَادُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ هِيَ الْحَالِقَةُ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد ص (١١٨) ، وأبو داود في الأدب، باب في إصلاح ذات البين: ٧ / ٢٥، والترمذي في صفة القيامة، باب سوء ذات البين: ٧ / ٢١٢ وقال: هذا حديث صحيح، وأحمد في المسند: ٦ / ٤٤٤، ٤٤٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ١١٦.