Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/281)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

from Ghawrath ibn al-Harith in whatever manner You will.” Ghawrath then brought down his sword upon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, intending to strike him, but he fell face-down because of a shove between his shoulder blades, and his sword fell away. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, rose, took the sword, and said, “O Ghawrath, who will protect you from me now?”

He replied, “No one.”

He said, “Will you testify that there is no god worthy of worship but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, and I will give you back your sword?” 95/b He replied, “No; but I testify that I will never fight you or assist an enemy against you.” So the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, gave him back his sword.

Ghawrath said, “By Allah, you are better than I am.”

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Indeed, I am more deserving of that than you.”

Ghawrath then returned to his companions, who said, “Woe to you! What prevented you from dealing with him?” He replied, “I brought my sword down upon him to strike him, but by Allah, I do not know who shoved me between my shoulder blades, and so I fell upon my face.” He recounted what had happened to him.

Then the water in the valley subsided, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, crossed the valley to his companions. He informed them of what had happened and recited to them this verse: (1)

“And there is no blame upon you if you are troubled by rain or are ill, for laying down your weapons. But take your precautions.”

That is, against your enemy.

Sa'id ibn Jubayr narrated from Ibn Abbas concerning this verse that Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf was wounded.

“Indeed, Allah has prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment”—in which they will be humiliated. Al-junāḥ means sin; it derives from janaḥat, meaning, “when it deviated from the proper course.”

“When you have finished the Prayer, remember Allah while standing, sitting, and lying on your sides. But when you are secure, establish the Prayer. Indeed, the Prayer has been prescribed for the believers at specified times. (103)”

“When you have finished the Prayer”—that is, the Prayer of Fear—meaning, when you have completed it, “remember Allah”; that is, pray to Allah “while standing,” when in good health; “and sitting,” when ill; “and lying on your sides,” in cases of hardship and infirmity. It was also said: Remember Allah through glorifying Him, praising Him, declaring His oneness, and extolling His greatness, in every circumstance.

Amr ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Kashani informed us: al-Qasim ibn Ja'far al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Lu'lu'i informed us; Abu Dawud al-Sijistani informed us; Muhammad ibn al-Ala informed us; Ibn Abi Za'idah informed us, from his father, from Khalid ibn Salamah, from al-Zuhri, from Urwah, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: “The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, used to remember Allah at all times.” (2)

“But when you are secure”—that is, when you are at ease and safe—“establish the Prayer”; that is, perform it in full as four rak'ahs, with all its essential elements. “Indeed, the Prayer has been prescribed for the believers at specified times.” It was said: it is an obligatory duty, prescribed and fixed: four rak'ahs while resident, and during travel

(1) Ibn Kathir cited it in abridged form in his Tafsir, stating that Imam Ahmad narrated it from Jabir and that it is uniquely reported through this route, 1:549-550. See also al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah, 4:84. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari, in The Call to Prayer, chapter: “Does one follow the muezzin’s mouth as it turns this way and that?” from Aishah, in a suspended form, 2:114; and in Menstruation, chapter: “The menstruating woman performs all the rites except circumambulation of the House,” from Ibn Abbas, with the wording: “The Prophet used to remember Allah at all times,” 1:407. Also narrated by Muslim, in Menstruation, chapter: “The remembrance of Allah Most High in the state of major ritual impurity and otherwise,” no. 373, 1:282.

غَوْرَثَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بِمَا شِئْتَ، ثُمَّ أَهْوَى بِالسَّيْفِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَضْرِبَهُ فَأَكَبَّ لِوَجْهِهِ مِنْ زَلْخَةٍ زُلِخَهَا مِنْ بَيْنِ كَتِفَيْهِ، وَنَدَرَ سَيْفَهُ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا غَوْرَثُ مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي الْآنَ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَحَدَ، قَالَ تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وأعطيكَ سيفكَ؟ ٩٥/ب قَالَ: لَا وَلَكِنْ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا أُقَاتِلَكَ أَبَدًا وَلَا أُعِينُ عَلَيْكَ عَدُوًّا، فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَيْفَهُ، فَقَالَ غَوْرَثُ: وَاللَّهِ لَأَنْتَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أَجَلْ أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِذَلِكَ مِنْكَ، فَرَجَعَ غَوْرَثٌ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالُوا: وَيْلَكَ مَا مَنَعَكَ مِنْهُ؟ قَالَ: لَقَدْ أَهْوَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِالسَّيْفِ لِأَضْرِبَهُ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي مَنْ زَلَخَنِي بَيْنَ كَتِفِي فَخَرَرْتُ لِوَجْهِي، وَذَكَرَ حَالَهُ قَالَ: وَسَكَنَ الْوَادِي فَقَطَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْوَادِيَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُمُ الْخَبَرَ وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: (١) ﴿وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِنْ مَطَرٍ أَوْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَنْ تَضَعُوا أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ كَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ جَرِيحًا. ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا﴾ يُهانُونَ فِيهِ، وَالْجُنَاحُ: الْإِثْمُ، مِنْ جَنَحَتْ: إِذَا عَدَلَتْ عَنِ الْقَصْدِ. ﴿فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَى جُنُوبِكُمْ فَإِذَا اطْمَأْنَنْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا (١٠٣) ﴾ ﴿فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ﴾ يَعْنِي: صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ، أَيْ: فَرَغْتُمْ مِنْهَا، ﴿فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ﴾ أَيْ صَلُّوا لِلَّهِ ﴿قِيَامًا﴾ فِي حَالِ الصِّحَّةِ، ﴿وَقُعُودًا﴾ فِي حَالِ الْمَرَضِ، ﴿وَعَلَى جُنُوبِكُمْ﴾ عِنْدَ الْحَرَجِ وَالزَّمَانَةِ، وَقِيلَ: اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ بِالتَّسْبِيحِ وَالتَّحْمِيدِ وَالتَّهْلِيلِ وَالتَّمْجِيدِ، عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْكَاشَانِيُّ، أَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، أَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: "كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ أَحْيَانِهِ" (٢) . ﴿فَإِذَا اطْمَأْنَنْتُمْ﴾ أَيْ: سَكَنْتُمْ وَأَمِنْتُمْ، ﴿فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ﴾ أَيْ: أَتِمُّوهَا أَرْبَعًا بِأَرْكَانِهَا، ﴿إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا﴾ قِيلَ: وَاجِبًا مَفْرُوضًا مُقَدَّرًا فِي الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَفِي السَّفَرِ

(١) أخبره ابن كثير مختصرا في التفسير، وقال أخرجه الإمام أحمد عن جابر، وقال: تفرد به من هذا الوجه: ١ / ٥٤٩ - ٥٥٠. وانظر: البداية والنهاية: ٤ / ٨٤. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأذان، باب هل يتبع المؤذن فاه ها هنا وهنا، عن عائشة، تعليقا: ٢ / ١١٤. وفي الحيض، باب تقضي الحائض المناسك كلها إلا الطواف بالبيت: ١ / ٤٠٧ عن ابن عباس بلفظ "كان النبي ﷺ يذكر الله في كل أحيانه". ومسلم في الحيض، باب ذكر الله تعالى في حال الجنابة وغيرها، برقم (٣٧٣) : ١ / ٢٨٢.