Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/279)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

performed the Zuhr prayer with the people during a state of fear at Batan Nakhl. He led one group in two prayer cycles and then concluded the prayer. Then another group came, and he led them in two prayer cycles and then concluded the prayer (1).

It is also related from Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, that concerning the Prayer of Fear, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, led one group in one prayer cycle and the other group in one prayer cycle, and they did not make up any additional prayer cycles (2). Zayd ibn Thabit also narrated it and said: “The people performed one prayer cycle, while the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, performed two” (3).

Some interpreted this as referring to the prayer in circumstances of extreme fear, saying: in such a situation, the obligatory prayer is one prayer cycle.

Most scholars maintain that fear does not reduce the number of prayer cycles. If the enemy is in the direction of the qiblah, on level ground such that they can see them if they advance against them, the imam leads them all in prayer, while they keep watch during the prostration. As Imam Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us: Abu Nu'aym al-Isfarayini informed us; Abu Awanah al-Hafiz informed us; Ammar informed us; Yazid ibn Harun informed us; Abd al-Malik ibn Abi Sulayman informed us, from Ata, from Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

“The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, performed the Prayer of Fear. We formed two rows behind him, while the enemy stood between us and the qiblah. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, pronounced the opening takbir, and we all pronounced it. Then he bowed, and we all bowed. Then he raised his head from bowing, and we all raised ours. Then he went down in prostration, along with the row nearest to him, while the rear row remained standing facing the enemy. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had completed the prostration, and the row nearest to him had stood, the rear row went down in prostration. [Then they stood, then] (4) the rear row moved forward, and the front row moved back. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, then bowed, and we all bowed. Then he raised his head from bowing, and we all raised ours. Then he went down in prostration, along with the row nearest to him—the row that had been at the rear during the first prayer cycle—while the rear row remained standing facing the enemy. When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and the row nearest to him had completed the prostration, the rear row went down and prostrated. Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, concluded the prayer, and we all concluded it.” Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Just as these guards of yours act with their commanders” (5).

Know that the Prayer of Fear remains permissible after the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, according to the majority of scholars. It has been reported from some that they considered it impermissible, but there is no basis for that view.

(1) Narrated by al-Shafii in al-Musnad, 1:176-177; by al-Nasai in The Fear Prayer, 3:178; and by al-Daraqutni in The Prayer, chapter: The Fear Prayer, 2:61. Its chain contains al-Hasan al-Basri's an'anah (an unexplicit 'from' transmission). (2) Narrated by Abu Dawud in The Fear Prayer, chapter: Those Who Hold That He Prays One Rak'ah with Each Group and They Do Not Make It Up, 2:70; by al-Nasai at the beginning of The Book of the Fear Prayer, 3:168; by al-Tahawi, 1:183; and by Ibn Jarir, no. 10331, 9:135. Al-Hakim authenticated it, 1:335, and al-Dhahabi agreed with him. It is also narrated by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 5:385, 399. Al-Suyuti attributed it to Ibn Abi Shaybah, Abd ibn Humayd, and Ibn Hibban; see al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:661, and Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:284. (3) Narrated by Abu Dawud in The Fear Prayer, chapter: Those Who Hold That He Prays One Rak'ah with Each Group, 2:71; and by al-Nasai in The Fear Prayer, 3:168. See Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:285. (4) In manuscript A: “Then he stood and completed [the prayer].” (5) Narrated by Muslim in The Prayer of Travelers, chapter: The Fear Prayer, no. 840, 1:574; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:291.

كَانَ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ فِي الْخَوْفِ بِبَطْنِ نَخْلٍ، فَصَلَّى بِطَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ (١) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى بِهَؤُلَاءِ رَكْعَةً وَبِهَؤُلَاءِ رَكْعَةً وَلَمْ يَقْضُوا" (٢) وَرَوَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَقَالَ: "كَانَتْ لِلْقَوْمِ رَكْعَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَلِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَكْعَتَانِ" (٣) . وَتَأَوَّلَهُ قَوْمٌ عَلَى صَلَاةِ شِدَّةِ الْخَوْفِ، وَقَالُوا: الْفَرْضُ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَالَةِ رَكْعَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ. وَأَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنَّ الْخَوْفَ لَا يُنْقِصُ عَدَدَ الرَّكَعَاتِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْعَدُوُّ فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْقِبْلَةِ فِي مُسْتَوَى إِنْ حَمَلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ رَأَوْهُمْ صَلَّى الْإِمَامُ بِهِمْ جَمِيعًا وَحَرَسُوا فِي السُّجُودِ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي، أَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِنِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عُوَانَةَ الْحَافِظُ، أَنَا عَمَّارٌ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ﵄ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ فَصَفَفْنَا خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ، وَالْعَدُوُّ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ فَكَبَّرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَكَبَّرْنَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَكَعَ وَرَكَعْنَا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ وَرَفَعَنَا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ انْحَدَرَ لِلسُّجُودِ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيه، وَقَامَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ نَحْرَ الْعَدُوِّ فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ السُّجُودَ وَقَامَ الصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ انْحَدَرَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ بِالسُّجُودِ [ثُمَّ قَامُوا ثُمَّ] (٤) تَقَدَّمَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ، وَتَأَخَّرَ الْمُقَدَّمُ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَرَكَعْنَا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ وَرَفَعَنَا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ انْحَدَرَ بِالسُّجُودِ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ الَّذِي كَانَ مُؤَخَّرًا فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى، وَقَامَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ فِي نَحْرِ الْعَدُوِّ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ السُّجُودَ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ انْحَدَرَ الصَّفُّ الْمُؤَخَّرُ بِالسُّجُودِ فَسَجَدُوا، ثُمَّ سُلِّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَسَلَّمْنَا جَمِيعًا قَالَ جَابِرٌ ﵁: كَمَا يَصْنَعُ حَرَسُكُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ بِأُمَرَائِهِمْ (٥) . وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ جَائِزَةٌ بَعْدَ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ. عِنْدَ عَامَّةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ. وَيُحْكَى عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ عَدَمَ الْجَوَازِ وَلَا وَجْهَ لَهُ.

(١) أخرجه الشافعي في المسند: ١ / ١٧٦ - ١٧٧، والنسائي في صلاة الخوف: ٣ / ١٧٨، والدارقطني في الصلاة، باب صلاة الخوف: ٢ / ٦١، وفيه عنعنة الحسن البصري. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في صلاة الخوف، باب من قال: يصلي بكل طائفة ركعة ولا يقضون: ٢ / ٧٠، والنسائي في أول كتاب صلاة الخوف: ٣ / ١٦٨، والطحاوي: ١ / ١٨٣، وابن جرير برقم: (١٠٣٣١) ٩ / ١٣٥، وصححه الحاكم: ١ / ٣٣٥ ووافقه الذهبي، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ٥ / ٣٨٥، ٣٩٩، وعزاه السيوطي لابن أبي شيبة وعبد بن حميد وابن حبان - انظر الدر المنثور ٢ / ٦٦١، وشرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٨٤. (٣) أخرجه أبو داود في صلاة الخوف - باب من قال: يصلي بكل طائفة ركعة: ٢ / ٧١، والنسائي في صلاة الخوف: ٣ / ١٦٨. وانظر شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٨٥. (٤) في أ: (ثم قام وأتم) . (٥) أخرجه مسلم في صلاة المسافرين، باب صلاة الخوف، برقم (٨٤٠) : ١ / ٥٧٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٩١.