Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/278)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

be pleased with them both, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed in this manner. This was the view of the proponents of juristic reasoning.

Abu Uthman Sa'id ibn Isma'il al-Dabbi informed us: Abu Muhammad Abd al-Jabbar ibn Muhammad al-Jarahi informed us; Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mahbubi informed us; Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi informed us; Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi al-Shawarib informed us; Yazid ibn Zuray' informed us; Ma'mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Salim, from his father, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, performed the Prayer of Fear by leading one of the two groups in one prayer cycle, while the other group faced the enemy. They then withdrew and took the place of the first group, and the first group came forward. He led them in another prayer cycle and then concluded the prayer with them. These then stood and performed their prayer cycle (1).

Both reports are sound. Some held that this falls under legitimate juristic diversity. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, preferred the hadith of Sahl ibn Abi Hathmah because it conforms more closely to the apparent meaning of the Quran, is more cautious with regard to the prayer, and is more effective in guarding against the enemy. This is because Allah, exalted is He, says: “When they have prostrated, let them take their place behind you”—that is, when they have performed the prayer. Then He says: “Let the other group, which has not prayed, come forward.” This indicates that the first group have already prayed. ⦗95/a⦘ And He says: “Let them pray with you”; this entails that they should perform the entire prayer. Its apparent meaning indicates that each group separates from the imam only after completing the prayer. It is more cautious with regard to the prayer, since it involves less movement, going and coming; and it is more cautious with regard to warfare, since, when they are not engaged in prayer, they are better able to fight or flee if they need to do so.

If the imam prays four prayer cycles, leading each group in two, that is permissible. Imam Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us: Abu Nu'aym Abd al-Malik ibn al-Husayn al-Isfarayini informed us; Abu Awanah Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Hafiz informed us; al-Da'ani said: Affan ibn Muslim informed us; Aban al-Attar narrated to us, from Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, from Abu Salamah, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, who said: “We travelled with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, until we reached Dhat al-Riqa'. Whenever we came upon a shady tree, we would leave it for the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. Then a man from among the polytheists came while the sword of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was hanging from a tree. He took the sword of the Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and drew it. He said to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Are you afraid of me?’ He replied, ‘No.’ The man said, ‘Then who will protect you from me?’ He replied, ‘Allah will protect me from you.’” He said: “The Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then threatened him, so he sheathed the sword and hung it back. Then the call to prayer was made, and he led one group in two prayer cycles. They then withdrew, and he led the other group in two prayer cycles. Thus the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, performed four prayer cycles, while the people performed two” (2).

Abd al-Wahhab ibn al-Khatib informed us: Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi' informed us; al-Shafi'i said: The reliable narrator, Ibn Ulayyah or another, informed me, from Yunus, from al-Hasan, from Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him,

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Campaigns, chapter: The Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa, 7:422; by Muslim in The Prayer of Travelers, chapter: The Fear Prayer, no. 839, 1:574; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:276. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Campaigns, chapter: The Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa, 7:426; by Muslim in The Prayer of Travelers, chapter: The Fear Prayer, no. 843, 1:576; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:287-288.

اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى كَذَلِكَ. وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الضَّبِّيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجِرَاحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّوَارِبِ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ بِإِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ رَكْعَةً وَالطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى مُوَاجَهَةُ الْعَدُوِّ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا فَقَامُوا فِي مَقَامِ أُولَئِكَ وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بِهِمْ، فَقَامَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَصَلُّوا رَكْعَتَهُمْ (١) . وَكِلْتَا الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ صَحِيحَةٌ، فَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّ هَذَا مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ الْمُبَاحِ، وَذَهَبَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ﵁ إِلَى حَدِيثِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ لِأَنَّهُ أَشَدُّ مُوَافَقَةً لِظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ وَأَحْوَطُ لِلصَّلَاةِ وَأَبْلَغُ فِي حِرَاسَةِ الْعَدُوِّ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ: ﴿فَإِذَا سَجَدُوا فَلْيَكُونُوا مِنْ وَرَائِكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: إِذَا صَلُّوا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿وَلْتَأْتِ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى لَمْ يُصَلُّوا﴾ وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الطَّائِفَةَ الْأُولَى قد صلوا، ٩٥/أوَقَالَ: ﴿فَلْيُصَلُّوا مَعَكَ﴾ فَمُقْتَضَاهُ أَنْ يُصَلُّوا تَمَامَ الصَّلَاةِ، فَظَاهِرُهُ يَدُلُّ أَنَّ كُلَّ طَائِفَةٍ تُفَارِقُ الْإِمَامَ بَعْدَ تَمَامِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَالِاحْتِيَاطُ لِأَمْرِ الصَّلَاةِ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَكْثُرُ فِيهَا الْعَمَلُ وَالذَّهَابُ وَالْمَجِيءُ وَالِاحْتِيَاطُ لِأَمْرِ الْحَرْبِ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَنَّهُمْ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُونُوا فِي الصَّلَاةِ كَانَ أَمْكَنَ لِلْحَرْبِ وَالْهَرَبِ إِنِ احْتَاجُوا إِلَيْهِ. وَلَوْ صَلَّى الْإِمَامُ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ بِكُلِّ طَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ جَازَ. أَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي، أَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْإِسْفَرَايِنِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عُوَانَةَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْحَافِظُ، قال أنا الضعاني، أَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثَنَا أَبَانُ الْعَطَّارُ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَقْبَلْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ وَكُنَّا إِذَا أَتَيْنَا عَلَى شَجَرَةٍ ظَلِيلَةٍ تَرَكْنَهَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَسَيْفُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُعَلَّقٌ بِشَجَرَةٍ فَأَخَذَ سَيْفَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاخْتَرَطَهُ فَقَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَتَخَافُنِي؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: فَمَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُ يَمْنَعُنِي مِنْكَ، قَالَ فَتَهَدَّدَهُ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَ: فَأَغْمَدَ السَّيْفَ وَعَلَّقَهُ فَنُودِيَ بِالصَّلَاةِ، قَالَ فَصَلَّى بِطَائِفَةٍ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ تَأَخَّرُوا فَصَلَّى بِالطَّائِفَةِ الْأُخْرَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ: قَالَ: فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ وَلِلْقَوْمِ رَكْعَتَانِ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ الْخَطِيبِ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ أَوْ غَيْرُهُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ﵃ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب غزوة ذات الرقاع: ٧ / ٤٢٢، ومسلم في صلاة المسافرين، باب صلاة الخوف، برقم (٨٣٩) : ١ / ٥٧٤. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٧٦. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب غزوة ذات الرقاع: ٧ / ٤٢٦، ومسلم في صلاة المسافرين، باب صلاة الخوف، برقم (٨٤٣) : ١ / ٥٧٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٨٧ - ٢٨٨.