Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/277)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and Jabir (1), may Allah be pleased with them, that when the polytheists saw the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and his Companions rise to perform the noon prayer in congregation, they regretted not having attacked them. Some of them said to the others, “Leave them, for after this they have a prayer dearer to them than their fathers and their sons”—meaning the afternoon prayer. “When they rise for it, attack them and kill them.” Then Gabriel, peace be upon him, descended and said, “O Muhammad, this is the Prayer of Fear, and Allah, exalted is He, says: ‘When you are among them and lead them in prayer.’” He then taught him the Prayer of Fear.

In summary: when the enemy are encamped in a direction other than the direction of prayer, the imam divides the people into two groups. One group stands facing the enemy, guarding against them, while the imam begins the prayer with the other group. After leading them in one prayer cycle, he rises and remains standing until they complete their prayer. They then go to face the enemy, and the second group comes forward. He leads them in the second cycle, then remains seated until they complete the prayer by themselves, after which he concludes the prayer with them. This is the narration of Sahl ibn Abi Hathmah, may Allah be pleased with him: the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed in this manner at Dhat al-Riqa'. This was the view adopted by Malik, al-Shafi'i, Ahmad, and Ishaq.

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi informed us: Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus'ab informed us, from Malik, from Yazid ibn Ruman, from Salih ibn Khawwat, from one who prayed the Prayer of Fear with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on the day of Dhat al-Riqa': One group formed a row with him, while another group formed a row facing the enemy. He led the group with him in one prayer cycle, then remained standing while they completed their prayer by themselves. They then departed and formed a row facing the enemy, and the other group came forward. He led them in the remaining cycle, then remained seated while they completed the prayer by themselves; he then concluded the prayer with them (2). Malik said, “This is the best account I have heard concerning the Prayer of Fear” (3).

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us: Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Musaddad informed us; Yahya informed us, from Shu'bah, from Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Qasim, from his father, from Salih ibn Khawwat, from Sahl ibn Abi Hathmah, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, with this same report (4).

A group held that when the imam rises for the second prayer cycle, the first group goes during the prayer to face the enemy, and the second group comes forward. He then leads them in the second cycle and concludes the prayer, but they do not conclude it; rather, they go to face the enemy. The first group then returns and completes its prayer, after which the second group returns and completes its prayer. This is the narration of Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah

(1) Muslim narrated it at length with similar wording in The Prayer of Travelers, chapter: The Fear Prayer, no. 840, 1:575. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in The Campaigns, chapter: The Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa, 7:422; and by Muslim in The Prayer of Travelers, chapter: The Fear Prayer, no. 841, 1:575. See also Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:280. (3) See al-Muwatta, 1:185. Malik also narrated the hadith concerning the Fear Prayer in al-Muwatta, 1:183. (4) The same preceding hadith; it is found in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:279.

وَجَابِرٍ (١) ﵃ أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ لَمَّا رَأَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ قَامُوا إِلَى الظُّهْرِ يُصَلُّونَ جَمَاعَةً نَدِمُوا أَنْ لَوْ كَانُوا كَبُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: دَعَوْهُمْ فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ بَعْدَهَا صَلَاةً هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ، يَعْنِي صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ، فَإِذَا قَامُوا فِيهَا فَشُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ، فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ ﵇ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّهَا صَلَاةُ الْخَوْفِ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يَقُولُ: ﴿وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ﴾ فَعَلَّمَهُ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ. وَجُمْلَتُهُ: أَنَّ الْعَدُوَّ إِذَا كَانُوا فِي مُعَسْكَرِهِمْ فِي غَيْرِ نَاحِيَةِ الْقِبْلَةِ فَيَجْعَلُ الْإِمَامُ الْقَوْمَ فِرْقَتَيْنِ فَتَقِفُ طَائِفَةٌ وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ تَحْرُسُهُمْ، وَيَشْرَعُ الْإِمَامُ مَعَ طَائِفَةٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَإِذَا صَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً قَامَ وَثَبَّتَ قَائِمًا حَتَّى أَتَمُّوا صَلَاتَهُمْ، ذَهَبُوا إِلَى وِجَاهِ الْعَدُوِّ ثُمَّ أَتَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الثَّانِيَةِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، وَثَبَتَ جَالِسًا حَتَّى أَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ بِهِمْ، وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةُ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ﵁ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى كَذَلِكَ بِذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ، وَإِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ مَالِكٌ وَالشَّافِعِيُّ وَأَحْمَدُ وَإِسْحَاقُ. أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خُوَّاتٍ، عَمَّنْ صَلَّى مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ ذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ: أَنَّ طَائِفَةً صَفَّتْ مَعَهُ وَصَفَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ فَصَلَّى بِالَّتِي مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ قَائِمًا فَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا وَصَفُوا وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ وَجَاءَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي بَقِيَتْ ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ جالسًا وأتموا لأنفسم ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بِهِمْ (٢) . قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَذَلِكَ أَحْسَنُ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِي صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ (٣) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ أَنَا يَحْيَى عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خُوَّاتٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ﵃ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِهَذَا (٤) . وَذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ إِلَى أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ إِذَا قَامَ إِلَى الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ تَذْهَبُ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُولَى فِي خِلَالِ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى وِجَاهِ الْعَدُوِّ وَتَأْتِي الطَّائِفَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ وَيُسَلِّمُ وَهُمْ لَا يُسَلِّمُونَ بَلْ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى وِجَاهِ الْعَدُوِّ، وَتَعُودُ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُولَى فَتُتِمُّ صَلَاتَهَا، ثُمَّ تَعُودُ الطَّائِفَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ فَتُتِمُّ صَلَاتَهَا، وَهَذِهِ رِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ

(١) بهذا المعنى مطولا عند مسلم في صلاة المسافرين، باب صلاة الخوف، برقم (٨٤٠) : ١ / ٥٧٥. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب غزوة ذات الرقاع: ٧ / ٤٢٢، ومسلم في صلاة المسافرين، باب صلاة الخوف، برقم (٨٤١) : ١ / ٥٧٥. وانظر: شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٨٠. (٣) انظر: الموطأ: ١ / ١٨٥، وقد أخرج مالك الحديث في صلاة الخوف من الموطأ: ١ / ١٨٣. (٤) الحديث السابق نفسه، وهو في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٢٧٩.