Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/271)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Al-Qasim narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that he said: “Not equal are those believers who stay behind” from Badr and those who set out for Badr.

Concerning His saying, Exalted is He, “Allah has granted those who strive with their wealth and their lives a rank above those who stay behind”: that is, a distinction in merit. It is also said that “those who stay behind” here refers to those with disabilities. Allah granted those who strive a rank above them because the one who strives actually undertook jihad along with having the intention, whereas those with disabilities had the intention but did not actually undertake it; thus, they fell one rank below them. “Yet Allah has promised each of them the best reward”: that is, Paradise by virtue of their faith. Muqatil said: this refers to the one who strives and the excused one who stays behind. “And Allah has granted those who strive a tremendous reward above those who stay behind”: that is, above those who stay behind without an excuse. ⦗94/A⦘

“Higher ranks from Him, along with forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” (96)

Regarding His saying, “Higher ranks from Him, along with forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful,” Ibn Muhayriz said concerning this verse: “They are seventy ranks, and the distance between every two ranks is that which a well-bred, trained horse would cover at a gallop over seventy years.”

It is also said that the ranks are Islam, jihad, emigration, and martyrdom, which the fighters attained. Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali ibn Yusuf al-Juwayni informed us; Abu Muhammad Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sharik al-Shafi‘i informed us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Muslim, Abu Bakr al-Jurabadhi, informed us; Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-A‘la informed us; Ibn Wahb informed us; Abu Hani al-Khawlani narrated to me, from Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Jabali, from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “O Abu Sa‘id, whoever is pleased with Allah as his Lord, with Islam as his religion, and with Muhammad as his Prophet, Paradise is assured for him.” Abu Sa‘id was amazed by this and said, “Repeat it to me, O Messenger of Allah.” So he did so, then said: “And there is another deed by which Allah raises His servant one hundred ranks in Paradise; the distance between every two ranks is like that between heaven and earth.” He said, “What is it, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “Jihad in the cause of Allah; jihad in the cause of Allah.” (1)

The Imam Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Abu al-Qasim Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn al-Shah informed us; my father informed us; Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Salih al-Mutarraz informed us; Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us; Shurayh ibn al-Nu‘man informed us; Fulayh informed us, from Hilal ibn ‘Ali, from ‘Ata’ ibn Yasar, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever believes in Allah and His Messenger, establishes the prayer, and fasts Ramadan, it is incumbent upon Allah to admit him into Paradise, whether he strives in the cause of Allah or remains in the land where he was born.” They said, “Should we not tell the people of this?” He said: “Indeed, there are one hundred ranks in Paradise which Allah has prepared for those who strive in His cause. The distance between every two ranks is like that between heaven and earth. So when you ask Allah, ask Him for al-Firdaws

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Jihad, chapter “The Best of People Is a Believing Mujahid,” 6:6; by Muslim in al-Imarah, chapter “The Degrees Allah Most High Has Prepared in Paradise for the Mujahidin,” no. 1884, 3:1501; and in al-Musannaf, as cited in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:347.

وَرَوَى الْقَاسِمُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ عَنْ بَدْرٍ وَالْخَارِجُونَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً﴾ أَيْ: فَضِيلَةً، وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِالْقَاعِدِينَ هَاهُنَا أُولِي الضَّرَرِ، فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ دَرَجَةً لِأَنَّ الْمُجَاهِدَ بَاشَرَ الْجِهَادَ مَعَ النِّيَّةِ وَأُولُو الضَّرَرِ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ نِيَّةٌ وَلَكِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يُبَاشِرُوا، فَنَزَلُوا عَنْهُمْ بِدَرَجَةٍ، ﴿وَكُلًّا﴾ يَعْنِي الْمُجَاهِدَ وَالْقَاعِدَ ﴿وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى﴾ يَعْنِي: الْجَنَّةَ بِإِيمَانِهِمْ، وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يَعْنِي الْمُجَاهِدَ وَالْقَاعِدَ الْمَعْذُورَ، ﴿وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴾ يعني: ٩٤/أعَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ. ﴿دَرَجَاتٍ مِنْهُ وَمَغْفِرَةً وَرَحْمَةً وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا (٩٦) ﴾ ﴿دَرَجَاتٍ مِنْهُ وَمَغْفِرَةً وَرَحْمَةً وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ مُحَيْرِيزٍ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: هِيَ سَبْعُونَ دَرَجَةً مَا بَيْنَ كُلِّ دَرَجَتَيْنِ عَدْوُ الْفَرَسِ الْجَوَادِ الْمُضَمَّرِ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا. وَقِيلَ: الدَّرَجَاتُ هِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَالْجِهَادُ وَالْهِجْرَةُ وَالشَّهَادَةُ فَازَ بِهَا الْمُجَاهِدُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْجُوَيْنِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الجُورَبَذِيُّ، أَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، أَنَا ابْنُ وَهَبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو هَانِئٍ الْخَوْلَانِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْجَبَلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ مَنْ رَضِيَ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ" قَالَ فَعَجِبَ لَهَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فَقَالَ: أَعِدْهَا عَلَيَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَفَعَلَ، قَالَ: "وَأُخْرَى يَرْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهَا الْعَبْدَ مِائَةَ دَرَجَةٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مَا بَيْنَ كُلِّ دَرَجَتَيْنِ كَمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ" قَالَ: وَمَا هِيَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ: "الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي، أَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الشَّاهِ، أَنَا أَبِي، أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْمُطَرَّزُ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَنَا شُرَيْحُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ، أَنَا فُلَيْحٌ، عَنْ هِلَالِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَصَامَ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ حَقًّا عَلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُ الْجَنَّةَ، جَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَوْ جَلَسَ فِي أَرْضِهِ الَّتِي وُلِدَ فِيهَا"، قَالُوا: أَفَلَا نُنْذِرُ النَّاسَ بِذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: "إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِائَةَ دَرَجَةٍ أَعَدَّهَا اللَّهُ لِلْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ، مَا بَيْنَ كُلٍّ مِنَ الدَّرَجَتَيْنِ كَمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَإِذَا سَأَلْتُمُ اللَّهَ فَاسْأَلُوهُ الْفِرْدَوْسَ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب أفضل الناس مؤمن مجاهد: ٦ / ٦، ومسلم في الإمارة، باب بيان ما أعده الله تعالى للمجاهدين في الجنة من الدرجات، برقم (١٨٨٤) : ٣ / ١٥٠١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٣٤٧.