Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/270)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Not equal are those believers who stay behind—except those with a disability—and those who strive in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives. Allah has granted those who strive with their wealth and their lives a rank above those who stay behind. Yet Allah has promised each of them the best reward; and Allah has granted those who strive a tremendous reward above those who stay behind.” (95)

Concerning the saying of Allah, Exalted is He, “Not equal are those believers who stay behind…”: ‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn ‘Abd Allah narrated to us; Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd Allah narrated to us; Ibrahim ibn Sa‘d al-Zuhri narrated to me; Salih ibn Kaysan narrated to me, from Ibn Shihab, from Sahl ibn Sa‘d al-Sa‘idi, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

I saw Marwan ibn al-Hakam sitting in the mosque, so I approached and sat beside him. He told us that Zayd ibn Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him, had informed him that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, dictated to him: “Not equal are those believers who stay behind—except those with a disability—and those who strive in the cause of Allah.”

He said: While he was dictating it to me, Ibn Umm Maktum came and said, “O Messenger of Allah, if I were able to take part in jihad, I would do so.” He was a blind man. Then Allah sent down revelation upon him while his thigh was resting on my thigh, and it became so heavy upon me that I feared it would crush my thigh. Then the state of revelation passed from him, and Allah revealed: “except those with a disability.” (1)

Thus, this verse concerns jihad and encourages it. Allah says: “Not equal are those believers who stay behind” from jihad, “except those with a disability.” The scholars of Medina, Ibn ‘Amir, and al-Kisa’i recited it with the final letter in the accusative, meaning: except those with a disability. The others recited it with the final letter in the nominative, as an adjective qualifying “those who stay behind”; that is, those who stay behind but are not disabled—those not afflicted by chronic infirmity, bodily weakness, or impaired sight—are not equal to those who strive in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives. As for those with disabilities, they are equal to those who strive, because an excuse kept them back.

Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi informed us; ‘Abd al-Rahim ibn Munib informed us; Yazid ibn Harun informed us; Humayd al-Tawil informed us, from Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, that when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, returned from the expedition to Tabuk and drew near to Medina, he said: “There are people in Medina who have been with you throughout every route you traveled and every valley you crossed.” They said, “O Messenger of Allah, even though they are in Medina?” He replied, “Yes, even though they are in Medina; an excuse held them back.” (2)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Tafsir, Surah al-Nisa, chapter “Not equal are those believers who remain behind and those who strive in the path of Allah,” 8:259; and by Muslim in al-Imarah, chapter “The obligation of jihad is waived for those with valid excuses,” no. 1898, 3:158. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Jihad, chapter “One Whom an Excuse Has Prevented from Going on Campaign,” 6:47; and in al-Maghazi, 8:126; by Muslim in al-Imarah, chapter “The Reward of One Prevented from Going on Campaign by Illness or Another Excuse,” no. 1911, 3:1518; and in al-Musannaf, as cited in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:376.

﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (٩٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ الْآيَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي صَالِحُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ ﵁ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ جَالِسًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَأَقْبَلَتُ حَتَّى جَلَسْتُ إِلَى جنبه، فأخبرنا أنا زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ ﵁ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمْلَى عَلَيْهِ ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ قَالَ: فَجَاءَ ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَهُوَ يُمْلِيهَا عَلَيَّ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَسْتَطِيعُ الْجِهَادَ لَجَاهَدْتُ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا أَعْمَى، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ وَفَخِذُهُ عَلَى فَخِذِي، فَثَقُلَتْ عَلَيَّ حَتَّى خِفْتُ أَنْ تَرُضَّ فَخِذِي، ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﴿غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ (١) . فَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الْجِهَادِ وَالْحَثِّ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ عَنِ الْجِهَادِ ﴿غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ بِنَصْبِ الرَّاءِ، أَيْ: إِلَّا أُولِي الضَّرَرِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِرَفْعِ الرَّاءِ عَلَى نَعْتِ " الْقَاعِدِينَ " يُرِيدُ: لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ غَيْرُ أَولِي الضَّرَرِ، أَيْ: غَيْرُ أُولِي الزَّمَانَةِ وَالضَّعْفِ فِي الْبَدَنِ وَالْبَصَرِ، ﴿وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُسَاوُونَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ، لِأَنَّ الْعُذْرَ أَقْعَدَهُمْ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ مُنِيبٍ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا رَجَعَ مِنْ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، فَدَنَا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ: "إِنَّ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ لَأَقْوَامًا مَا سِرْتُمْ مِنْ مَسِيرٍ وَلَا قَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ وَادٍ إِلَّا كَانُوا مَعَكُمْ فِيهِ"، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ؟ قَالَ: "نَعَمْ وَهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ حَبَسَهُمُ الْعُذْرُ" (٢)

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، سورة النساء، باب " لا يستوي القاعدون من المؤمنين والمجاهدون في سبيل الله" ٨ / ٢٥٩، ومسلم في الإمارة، باب سقوط فرض الجهاد عن المعذورين برقم (١٨٩٨) : ٣ / ١٥٨. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب من حبسه العذر عن الغزو: ٦ / ٤٧، وفي المغازي ٨ / ١٢٦، ومسلم في الإمارة، باب ثواب من حبسه عن الغزو مرض أو عذر أخر، برقم (١٩١١) ٣ / ١٥١٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٣٧٦.