Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/269)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, with it. Then Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse: “O you who believe! When you go forth in the cause of Allah...” (1)

His saying, “O you who believe! When you go forth in the cause of Allah,” means: when you travel in the cause of Allah—that is, for jihad.

“Investigate carefully”: Hamzah and al-Kisa’i read this word here, in two instances, and in Surah al-Hujurat with the letters ta and tha, meaning “verify”; that is, wait until you can distinguish the believer from the disbeliever. The others read it with ya and nun, meaning “seek clarification.” One says, “I sought clarification regarding a matter,” when one reflected carefully upon it.

“And do not say to one who offers you submission”: this is the recitation of the people of Madinah, Ibn Amir, and Hamzah. It means submission, namely the declaration, “There is no god but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” The others read “peace,” meaning the greeting of peace exchanged by Muslims, since he had greeted them with peace. It is also said that submission and peace have the same meaning. That is: do not say to one who greets you with peace, “You are not a believer.”

“Seeking the fleeting gains of this worldly life”: that is, seeking livestock and war booty. The fleeting gains of this worldly life are its benefits and possessions. “For with Allah are abundant spoils,” meaning abundant booty. It is also said to mean abundant reward for one who fears killing a believer.

“You yourselves were once in the same condition”: Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said, “You too used to conceal your faith from the idolaters; then Allah bestowed His favour upon you” by enabling you to openly profess Islam. Qatadah said: “You were astray before, then Allah bestowed His favour upon you through Islam and guidance.”

It is also said that its meaning is: You yourselves were once in the same condition, securing safety among your people by saying, “There is no god but Allah,” before the Hijrah. So do not frighten one who says it. Then Allah bestowed His favour upon you through the Hijrah. Therefore, investigate carefully, lest you kill a believer.

“Indeed, Allah is All-Aware of what you do.” I say: If combatants see the outward signs of Islam in a town or village, they must refrain from attacking its people. For whenever the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, campaigned against a people, if he heard the call to prayer, he would refrain from attacking them; but if he did not hear it, he would launch an attack against them.

Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi‘ informed us; al-Shafi‘i informed us; Sufyan informed us, from Abd al-Malik ibn Nawfal ibn Musahiq, from Ibn Isam, from his father, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him,

(1) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in Tafsir Surat al-Nisa, 8:286, who said: “This is a hasan (sound) hadith”; by Abu Dawud in al-Huruf, 6:4; authenticated by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 2:235, with al-Dhahabi concurring; by Ibn Jarir in al-Tafsir, 9:76; by Ibn Abi Asim in al-Diyat, p. 36; and by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 1:229. See also al-Bukhari with Fath al-Bari, 8:258, and Ibn Kathir, 1:539.

بِهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ (١) . . ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي إِذَا سَافَرْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، يَعْنِي: الْجِهَادَ. ﴿فَتَبَيَّنُوا﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ هَاهُنَا فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ وَفِي سُورَةِ الْحُجُرَاتِ بِالتَّاءِ وَالثَّاءِ مِنَ التَّثْبِيتِ، أَيْ: قِفُوا حَتَّى تَعْرِفُوا الْمُؤْمِنَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْيَاءِ وَالنُّونِ مِنَ التَّبَيُّنِ، يُقَالُ: تَبَيَّنْتُ الْأَمْرَ إِذَا تَأَمَّلْتُهُ، ﴿وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ﴾ هَكَذَا قِرَاءَةُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَابْنِ عَامِرٍ وَحَمْزَةَ، أَيْ: الْمُقَادَةَ، وَهُوَ قَوْلُ "لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ"، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ السَّلَامَ، وَهُوَ السَّلَامُ الَّذِي هُوَ تَحِيَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقِيلَ: السَّلَمُ وَالسَّلَامُ وَاحِدٌ، أَيْ: لَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا، ﴿تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا﴾ يَعْنِي: تَطْلُبُونَ الْغُنْمَ وَالْغَنِيمَةَ، و"عَرْضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا" مَنَافِعَهَا وَمَتَاعَهَا، ﴿فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ﴾ أَيْ غَنَائِمُ، ﴿كَثِيرَةٌ﴾ وَقِيلَ: ثَوَابٌ كَثِيرٌ لِمَنِ اتَّقَى قَتْلَ الْمُؤْمِنِ، ﴿كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ إِيمَانَكُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ﴿فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ بِإِظْهَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: كُنْتُمْ ضُلَّالًا مِنْ قَبْلُ فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْإِسْلَامِ وَالْهِدَايَةِ. وَقِيلَ مَعْنَاهُ: كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ تَأْمَنُونَ فِي قَوْمِكُمْ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ فَلَا تُخِيفُوا مَنْ قَالَهَا فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْهِجْرَةِ، فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَنْ تَقْتُلُوا مُؤْمِنًا. ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا﴾ قُلْتُ: إِذَا رَأَى الْغُزَاةُ فِي بَلَدٍ أَوْ قَرْيَةٍ شِعَارَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَكُفُّوا عَنْهُمْ، فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا غَزَا قَوْمًا فَإِنْ سَمِعَ أَذَانًا كَفَّ عَنْهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ أَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُسَاحِقٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عِصَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في تفسير سورة النساء: ٨ / ٢٨٦ وقال: هذا حديث حسن، وأبو داود في الحروف: ٦ / ٤، وصححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٢٣٥، ووافقه الذهبي، وابن جرير في التفسير: ٩ / ٧٦، وابن أبي عاصم في الديات ص (٣٦) ، والإمام أحمد في المسند: ١ / ٢٢٩، وانظر البخاري مع الفتح ٨ / ٢٥٨، وابن كثير: ١ / ٥٣٩.