Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/256)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

in His saying, “So fight,” is the apodosis of His saying: “Whoever fights in the cause of Allah and is killed or achieves victory, We shall grant him a great reward.” Thus: “So fight.”

“And encourage the believers” to fight; that is, urge them to jihad and inspire them to seek the reward. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, then set out with seventy riders, and Allah spared them from fighting. So He, majestic is His mention, said: “Perhaps Allah will restrain the might of those who disbelieve”; that is, the fighting of the disbelieving polytheists. “Perhaps,” when used by Allah, signifies certainty. “Allah is greater in might”; that is, more formidable in assault and greater in authority, “and more severe in punishment”; that is, in retribution.

“Whoever intercedes with a good intercession will have a share of it; and whoever intercedes with an evil intercession will bear a portion of it. And Allah is ever Watchful over all things.” (85)

His saying, exalted is He: “Whoever intercedes with a good intercession will have a share of it; and whoever intercedes with an evil intercession will bear a portion of it”—that is, a share of it. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “A good intercession is reconciling people with one another, while an evil intercession is carrying malicious gossip between people.”

It was also said: A good intercession is speaking well of people, through which one attains reward and goodness; while an evil intercession is backbiting and speaking ill of people, through which one incurs evil.

His saying, “a portion of it,” means a portion of its sin. Mujahid said: It refers to people interceding for one another. The intercessor is rewarded for his intercession even if it is not accepted.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Ismail narrated to us; Sufyan al-Thawri narrated to us from Abu Burdah, who said: My grandfather Abu Burdah informed me, from his father, from Abu Musa, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: Whenever a man with a request, or someone seeking a need, came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, he would turn to us and say: “Intercede, and you will be rewarded; and Allah decrees through the tongue of His Prophet whatever He wills.” (1)

His saying, exalted is He: “And Allah is ever Watchful over all things.” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Able and requiting.” The poet said:

“From a man setting out, I restrained myself ... from him,
Though I was able to requite his offence.”

Mujahid said: “A witness.” Qatadah said: “A guardian.” It was also said that it means: He is the Provider of sustenance for every living creature (2); that is, He conveys its provision to it.

(1) Al-Bukhari records it in Al-Adab (Manners), chapter: “The believers’ mutual assistance,” 10:450; and Muslim in Al-Birr wa al-Silah (Righteousness and Maintaining Family Ties), chapter: “The recommendation of intercession,” no. 2627, 4:2026. The lam in the expression falyuqda (“let it be fulfilled”) is neither imperative nor causal; it may be supplicatory, meaning: Allahumma iqdi (“O Allah, fulfill [it]”). See Fath al-Bari, 10:451. (2) In manuscript A: muqit.

فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَقَاتِلْ﴾ جَوَابٌ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَمَنْ يُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيُقْتَلْ أَوْ يَغْلِبْ فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴾ فَقَاتِلْ، ﴿وَحَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ أَيْ حُضَّهُمْ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ وَرَغِّبْهُمْ فِي الثَّوَابِ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَبْعِينَ رَاكِبًا فَكَفَاهُمُ اللَّهُ الْقِتَالَ، فَقَالَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ ﴿عَسَى اللَّهُ﴾ أَيْ: لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ، ﴿أَنْ يَكُفَّ بَأْسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ أَيْ: قِتَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَّرُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ و"عَسَى" مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاجِبٌ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ أَشَدُّ بَأْسًا﴾ أَيْ: أَشَدُّ صَوْلَةً وَأَعْظَمُ سُلْطَانًا، ﴿وَأَشَدُّ تَنْكِيلًا﴾ أَيْ: عُقُوبَةً. ﴿مَنْ يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً حَسَنَةً يَكُنْ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ مِنْهَا وَمَنْ يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً سَيِّئَةً يَكُنْ لَهُ كِفْلٌ مِنْهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِ شَيْءٍ مُقِيتًا (٨٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿مَنْ يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً حَسَنَةً يَكُنْ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ مِنْهَا وَمَنْ يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً سَيِّئَةً يَكُنْ لَهُ كِفْلٌ مِنْهَا﴾ أَيْ: نَصِيبٌ مِنْهَا، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: الشَّفَاعَةُ الْحَسَنَةُ هِيَ الْإِصْلَاحُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَالشَّفَاعَةُ السَّيِّئَةُ هِيَ الْمَشْيُ بِالنَّمِيمَةِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ. وَقِيلَ: الشَّفَاعَةُ الْحَسَنَةُ هِيَ حُسْنُ الْقَوْلِ فِي النَّاسِ يَنَالُ بِهِ الثَّوَابَ وَالْخَيْرَ، وَالسَّيِّئَةُ هِيَ: الْغَيْبَةُ وَإِسَاءَةُ الْقَوْلِ فِي النَّاسِ يَنَالُ بِهِ الشَّرَّ. وَقَوْلُهُ ﴿كِفْلٌ مِنْهَا﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ وِزْرِهَا، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هِيَ شَفَاعَةُ النَّاسِ بَعْضِهِمْ لِبَعْضٍ، وَيُؤْجَرُ الشَّفِيعُ عَلَى شَفَاعَتِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُشَفَّعْ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، أَخْبَرَنِي جَدِّي أَبُو بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى ﵁ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُ أَوْ طَالِبُ حَاجَةٍ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ، فَقَالَ: "اشْفَعُوا لتُؤْجَرُوا لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ مَا شَاءَ" (١) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُقِيتًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄: مُقْتَدِرًا مُجَازِيًا، قَالَ الشاعر: وذي ظعنٍ كَفَفْتُ النَّفْسَ ... عَنْهُ وَكُنْتُ عَلَى مَسَاءَتِهِ مُقِيتًا وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: شَاهِدًا: وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: حَافِظًا، وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهُ عَلَى كُلِّ حَيَوَانٍ مُقِيتًا (٢) أَيْ: يُوصِلُ الْقُوتَ إِلَيْهِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب تعاون المؤمنين بعضهم بعضا: ١٠ / ٤٥٠، ومسلم في البر والصلة، باب استحباب الشفاعة برقم (٢٦٢٧) : ٤ / ٢٠٢٦ واللام في قوله: "فليقض" ليست للأمر ولا للتعليل، ويحتمل أن تكون للدعاء بمعنى: اللهم اقض. انظر: فتح الباري: ١٠ / ٤٥١. (٢) في أ: (مقيت) .