Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/249)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“But if bounty comes to you from Allah, he will surely say—as though there had never been any affection between you and him—‘If only I had been with them, then I would have attained a great triumph.’ (73) So let those fight in the cause of Allah who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter. Whoever fights in the cause of Allah and is killed, or achieves victory, We shall grant him a tremendous reward. (74)”

His saying, Exalted is He, “But if bounty comes to you from Allah,” means victory and booty. “He will surely say”—that is, this hypocrite. There is an inversion in the order of expression here: the words, “as though there had never been any affection between you and him,” are connected to His saying, “Then, if a calamity befalls you.” Its intended sense is: if a calamity befalls you, he says, “Allah has certainly favored me, since I was not present with them,” as though there had never been any affection—that is, acquaintance—between you and him.

Ibn Kathir, Hafs, and Ya‘qub read the verb in the feminine form, while the rest read it in the masculine form. That is: if bounty from Allah comes to you, he will surely say, “If only I had been with them,” in that campaign, “then I would have attained a great triumph”—that is, obtained an ample share of the booty. The verb “I would have attained” is in the accusative because it expresses the result of a wish and is introduced by fa, just as one says, “I wish that I could rise, and the people would follow me.”

His saying, Exalted is He: “So let those fight in the cause of Allah who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter.” It was said that this was revealed concerning the hypocrites. Here, “sell” means “buy”: that is, those who choose this world over the Hereafter. Its meaning, then, is: let them believe and then fight. It was also said that it was revealed concerning the sincere believers. Its meaning is: let those fight in the cause of Allah who sell—that is, give up—the life of this world for the Hereafter, choosing the Hereafter. “Whoever fights in the cause of Allah and is killed,” that is, martyred, “or achieves victory,” that is, prevails, “We shall grant him,” in either case, “a tremendous reward.” Abu ‘Amr and al-Kisa’i assimilate the letter ba’ into fa’ wherever it occurs.

Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Sarakhsī informed us: Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Mus‘ab informed us, from Malik, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-A‘raj, from Abu Hurayrah, who reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah has guaranteed that whoever strives in His cause, leaving his home solely for jihad in His cause and to affirm His Word, will either be admitted into Paradise or returned to the dwelling from which he departed, along with whatever reward or booty he has gained.” (1)

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Kharaqi informed us: Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Abd Allah al-Taysafuni informed us; Abu Abd al-Rahman Abd Allah ibn Umar al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn Ali al-Kushmīhanī informed us; Ali ibn Hujr informed us; Isma‘il ibn Ja‘far informed us; Muhammad ibn ‘Amr ibn ‘Alqamah informed us, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The likeness of the one who strives

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Khums (One-Fifth of the Spoils), chapter: “The Prophet’s Statement: ‘The spoils of war have been made lawful for me,’” 6:220, and in al-Tawhid (Divine Oneness); and by Muslim in al-Imarah (Leadership), chapter: “The Merit of Jihad and Going Out in the Way of Allah,” no. 1876, 3:1496.

﴿وَلَئِنْ أَصَابَكُمْ فَضْلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَيَقُولَنَّ كَأَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ مَوَدَّةٌ يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ مَعَهُمْ فَأَفُوزَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا (٧٣) فَلْيُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَشْرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ وَمَنْ يُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيُقْتَلْ أَوْ يَغْلِبْ فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (٧٤) ﴾ ﴿وَلَئِنْ أَصَابَكُمْ فَضْلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ﴾ فَتْحٌ وَغَنِيمَةٌ ﴿لَيَقُولَنَّ﴾ هَذَا الْمُنَافِقُ، وَفِيهِ تَقْدِيمٌ وَتَأْخِيرٌ، وَقَوْلُهُ ﴿كَأَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ مَوَدَّةٌ﴾ مُتَّصِلٌ بِقَوْلِهِ ﴿فَإِنْ أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ﴾ تَقْدِيرُهُ: فَإِنْ أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالَ: قَدْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ إِذْ لَمْ أَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ شَهِيدًا، كَأَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ مَوَدَّةٌ أَيْ: مَعْرِفَةٌ. قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَحَفْصٌ وَيَعْقُوبُ ﴿تَكُنْ﴾ بِالتَّاءِ، وَالْبَاقُونَ بِالْيَاءِ، أَيْ: وَلَئِنْ أَصَابَكُمْ فَضْلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَيَقُولَنَّ: ﴿يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ مَعَهُمْ﴾ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزَاةِ، ﴿فَأَفُوزَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا﴾ أَيْ: آخُذَ نَصِيبًا وَافِرًا مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ، وَقَوْلُهُ ﴿فَأَفُوزَ﴾ نُصِبَ عَلَى جَوَابِ التَّمَنِّي بِالْفَاءِ، كَمَا تَقُولُ: وَدِدْتُ أَنْ أَقُومَ فَيَتْبَعُنِي النَّاسُ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَلْيُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَشْرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ﴾ قِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَمَعْنَى يَشْرُونَ أَيْ: يَشْتَرُونَ، يَعْنِي الَّذِينَ يَخْتَارُونَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الْآخِرَةِ، مَعْنَاهُ: آمَنُوا ثُمَّ قَاتَلُوا، وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُخْلِصِينَ، مَعْنَاهُ فَلْيُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَشْرُونَ أَيْ: يَبِيعُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ وَيَخْتَارُونَ الْآخِرَةَ ﴿وَمَنْ يُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيُقْتَلْ﴾ يَعْنِي يُسْتَشْهَدُ، ﴿أَوْ يَغْلِبْ﴾ يَظْفَرْ، ﴿فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ﴾ فِي كِلَا الْوَجْهَيْنِ ﴿أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا﴾ وَيُدْغِمُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو وَالْكِسَائِيُّ الْبَاءَ فِي الْفَاءِ حَيْثُ كَانَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنِ الْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "تَكَفَّلَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ جَاهَدَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ لَا يُخْرِجُهُ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِهِ وَتَصْدِيقُ كَلِمَتهِ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُ الْجَنَّةَ أَوْ يُرْجِعَهُ إِلَى مَسْكَنِهِ الَّذِي خَرَجَ مِنْهُ مَعَ مَا نَالَ مِنْ أَجْرٍ أَوْ غَنِيمَةٍ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخَرَقِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، أَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵄ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَثَلُ الْمُجَاهِدِ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الخمس، باب قول النبي ﷺ "أحلت لي الغنائم": ٦ / ٢٢٠، وفي التوحيد، ومسلم في الإمارة، باب فضل الجهاد والخروج في سبيل الله، برقم (١٨٧٦) : ٣ / ١٤٩٦.