Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/247)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

His saying, Exalted is He: “Whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger will be with those upon whom Allah has bestowed His favor: the prophets,” to the end of the verse, was revealed concerning Thawban, the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. He loved the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, intensely and could scarcely bear to be apart from him. One day, he came to him with his complexion changed, and grief could be seen on his face. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, asked him, “What has changed your complexion?” He replied, “O Messenger of Allah, I have no illness or pain. But whenever I do not see you, I feel a severe loneliness until I meet you again. Then I remember the Hereafter and fear that I will not see you, for you will be raised among the prophets. Even if I enter Paradise, I will be at a rank lower than yours; and if I do not enter Paradise, I will never see you.” Then this verse was revealed. (1)

Qatadah said: Some of the Prophet’s Companions, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “What will our state in Paradise be when you are in the highest ranks while we are below you? How then will we see you?” So Allah, Exalted is He, revealed this verse. (2)

“Whoever obeys Allah” in fulfilling the obligatory duties, “and the Messenger” in adhering to the Sunnah, “will be with those upon whom Allah has bestowed His favor: the prophets”: that is, they will not be deprived of seeing the prophets and sitting in their company—not that they (3) will be raised to the rank of the prophets. “The steadfast affirmers of truth” are the most excellent of the Prophet’s Companions, peace and blessings be upon him. A steadfast affirmer of truth is one who is exceedingly truthful. “The martyrs”: it was said that they are those who were martyred on the day of Uhud; and it was also said that they are those martyred in the way of Allah. Ikrimah said: The prophets here are Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him; the steadfast affirmers of truth are Abu Bakr; the martyrs are Umar, Uthman, and Ali, may Allah be pleased with them; and “the righteous” are the rest of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them. “What excellent companions they are!” means: the companions of Paradise. The Arabs use the singular in place of the plural, as in His saying, Exalted is He: “Then We bring you forth as a child” (Ghafir 67), meaning, as children; and, “They turn their backs,” meaning, their backs.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us: Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Makhladi informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Sarraj informed us; Qutaybah ibn Said informed us; Hammad ibn Zayd informed us, from Thabit, from Anas, that a man said, “O Messenger of Allah, a man loves a people but has not yet caught up with them.” The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, replied, “A person is with those whom he loves.” (4)

Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi and Abu Amr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Nasawi informed us. They said: Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; Abu Yahya Zakariyya ibn Yahya al-Marwazi informed us; Sufyan ibn Uyaynah informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: A man said, “O Messenger of Allah, when will the Hour be?” He asked, “And what have you prepared for it?” The man did not mention much, except that he loved Allah and His Messenger. He said, “Then you will be with those whom you have loved.” (5)

(1) Al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul (Occasions of Revelation), p. 158. See also: al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 46. (2) Al-Tabari, 8:534; al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:589; al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 159. (3) In manuscript B: “because they.” (4) Al-Bukhari, al-Adab (Etiquette), chapter: “The Sign of Love for Allah,” 10:557, on the authority of Ibn Mas'ud and Abu Musa; Muslim, al-Birr wa al-Silah (Righteousness and Maintaining Ties), chapter: “A Person Is with Whom He Loves,” no. 2640, 4:2034; and Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:61. (5) Reported by al-Bukhari in al-Adab (Etiquette), chapter: “The Sign of Love for Allah,” 10:557, and also in al-Ahkam (Legal Rulings); Muslim, al-Birr wa al-Silah wa al-Adab (Righteousness, Maintaining Ties, and Etiquette), chapter: “A Person Is with Whom He Loves,” no. 2639, 4:2032; and Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:61.

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُولَئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ﴾ الْآيَةَ، نَزَلَتْ فِي ثَوْبَانَ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ شَدِيدَ الْحُبِّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَلِيلَ الصَّبْرِ عَنْهُ، فَأَتَاهُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَقَدْ تَغَيَّرَ لَوْنُهُ يُعْرَفُ الْحُزْنُ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا غَيَّرَ لَوْنَكَ"؟ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا بِي مَرَضٌ وَلَا وَجَعٌ غَيْرَ أَنِّي إِذَا لَمْ أَرَكَ اسْتَوْحَشْتُ وَحْشَةً شَدِيدَةً حَتَّى أَلْقَاكَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ الْآخِرَةَ فَأَخَافُ أَنْ لَا أَرَاكَ لِأَنَّكَ تُرْفَعُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّينَ، وَإِنِّي إِنْ دَخَلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ كُنْتُ فِي مَنْزِلَةٍ أَدْنَى مِنْ مَنْزِلَتِكَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ أَدْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ لَا أَرَاكَ أَبَدًا، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ (١) . وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: قَالَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: كَيْفَ يَكُونُ الْحَالُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَأَنْتَ فِي الدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى وَنَحْنُ أَسْفَلُ مِنْكَ؟ فَكَيْفَ نَرَاكَ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) . ﴿وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ﴾ فِي أَدَاءِ الْفَرَائِضِ، ﴿وَالرَّسُولَ﴾ فِي السُّنَنِ ﴿فَأُولَئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ﴾ أَيْ لَا تَفُوتُهُمْ رُؤْيَةُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَمُجَالَسَتُهُمْ لَا أَنَّهُمْ (٣) يُرْفَعُونَ إِلَى دَرَجَةِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، ﴿وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ﴾ أَفَاضِلُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَالصِّدِّيقُ الْمُبَالِغُ فِي الصِّدْقِ، ﴿وَالشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ قِيلَ: هُمُ الَّذِينَ اسْتُشْهِدُوا فِي يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ، وَقِيلَ: الَّذِينَ اسْتُشْهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: النَّبِيُّونَ هَاهُنَا: مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ وَالصِّدِّيقُونَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَالشُّهَدَاءُ عُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ وَعَلِيٌّ ﵃، ﴿وَالصَّالِحِينَ﴾ سَائِرُ الصَّحَابَةِ ﵃، ﴿وَحَسُنَ أُولَئِكَ رَفِيقًا﴾ يَعْنِي: رُفَقَاءَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَالْعَرَبُ تَضَعُ الْوَاحِدَ مَوْضِعَ الْجَمْعِ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا﴾ (غَافِرٍ -٦٧) أَيْ: أَطْفَالًا ﴿وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ﴾ أَيْ: الْأَدْبَارَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَخْلَدِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ السَّرَّاجُ، أَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، أَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أُنْسٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الرَّجُلُ يُحِبُّ قَوْمًا وَلَمَّا يَلْحَقْ بِهِمْ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "الْمَرْءُ مَعَ مَنْ أَحَبَّ" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَوِيُّ قَالَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَنَا أَبُو يَحْيَى زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، أَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ: "وَمَا أَعْدَدْتَ لَهَا"؟ قَالَ: فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ كَثِيرًا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ قَالَ: "فَأَنْتَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ" (٥) .

(١) أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (١٥٨) وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٤٦) . (٢) الطبري: ٨ / ٥٣٤، الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٥٨٩، أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (١٥٩) . (٣) في (ب) (لأنهم) . (٤) البخاري في الأدب، باب علامة الحب في الله: ١٠ / ٥٥٧ عن ابن مسعود وأبي موسى، ومسلم في البر والصلة - باب المرء مع من أحب، برقم (٢٦٤٠) : ٤ / ٢٠٣٤. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٦١. (٥) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب - باب علامة الحب في الله: ١٠ / ٥٥٧ وفي الأحكام أيضا، ومسلم في البر والصلة والآداب، باب المرء مع من أحب، برقم (٢٦٣٩) : ٤ / ٢٠٣٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٦١.