Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/241)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abu Uthman Sa‘id ibn Isma‘il al-Dabbi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abd al-Jabbar ibn Muhammad al-Jarahi narrated to us; Abu al-‘Abbas narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mahbubi narrated to us; Abu ‘Isa al-Tirmidhi narrated to us; Musa ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Kindi narrated to us; Zayd ibn al-Hubab narrated to us; Mu‘awiyah ibn Salih narrated to us; Sulaym ibn ‘Amir related to me, saying: I heard Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him, say: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, deliver a sermon during the Farewell Pilgrimage, in which he said: “Fear Allah, perform your five daily prayers, fast your month, pay the zakah due on your wealth, and obey those placed in authority over you; then you will enter the Paradise of your Lord.” (1)

It was also said that what is meant is the commanders of military detachments. Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu‘aymi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; Sadaqah ibn al-Fadl narrated to us; Hajjaj ibn Muhammad narrated to us, from Ya‘la ibn Muslim, from Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn ‘Abbas, concerning the saying of Allah Most High, “And obey the Messenger and those in authority among you.” He said: “It was revealed concerning Ubayd Allah ibn Hudhafah ibn Qays ibn ‘Adi, when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, sent him with a military detachment.” (2)

‘Ikrimah said: By those in authority, He meant Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them. Abu al-Muzaffar Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Taymi narrated to us; Abu Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Uthman ibn al-Qasim narrated to us; Khaythamah ibn Sulayman ibn Haydarah al-Atrabulusi informed us; ‘Amr ibn Abi ‘Arzah informed us in Kufah; Thabit ibn Musa al-‘Abid informed us, from Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah, from Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Umayr, from Rib‘i, from Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “I do not know how long I shall remain among you, so follow the example of those who come after me: Abu Bakr and ‘Umar.” (3) May Allah be pleased with them.

‘Ata’ said: They are the Emigrants, the Helpers, and those who follow them in excellence, as indicated by the saying of Allah Most High: “And the foremost—the first of the Emigrants and the Helpers,” to the end of the verse. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Mahmud informed us; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Abdullah al-Khallal narrated to us; Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us, from Isma‘il al-Makki, from al-Hasan, from Anas ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The likeness of my Companions among my community is that of salt in food: food is not wholesome except with salt.” (4) He said:

(1) Al-Tirmidhi recorded it in Al-Salah, chapter: “What Has Been Mentioned Regarding the Merit of Prayer,” 3:238, and said: “This hadith is hasan sahih (sound and authentic).” Ahmad recorded it, 5:251; its chain of transmission is hasan (sound). He also narrated it through another route, 5:262, which contains a weak narrator. It was also recorded by Ibn Hibban, al-Hakim, and al-Bayhaqi, and al-Khulai narrated it in his Fawa'id. See Fayd al-Qadir, 1:130. The compiler also included it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:23-24, and said: “This hadith is hasan.” (2) Al-Bukhari recorded it in Al-Tafsir, Surah al-Nisa, chapter: “Obey Allah and obey the Messenger,” 8:253; and Muslim in Al-Imarah, chapter: “The Obligation of Obeying Rulers in What Is Not Disobedience,” no. 1834, 3:1465. See also al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 152. (3) Al-Tirmidhi recorded it in Al-Manaqib, 10:149; Ibn Majah in al-Muqaddimah, no. 97, 1:37; al-Hakim in abridged form, 3:75, who authenticated it, and al-Dhahabi concurred; Ahmad, 5:382, 402, on the authority of Hudhayfah; and the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:101, where he said: “This is an authentic hadith.” (4) Imam Ahmad recorded it in Fada'il al-Sahabah, 1:58, from al-Hasan as a mursal report (a report with a missing link to the Companion). It has two defects: the unknown identity of Ma'mar's shaykh and the mursal transmission of al-Hasan al-Basri. Ibn al-Mubarak also recorded it in al-Zuhd, p. 200. Abu Ya'la and al-Bazzar narrated a similar version, which contains Isma'il ibn Muslim, a weak narrator. The compiler also included it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:73. See Majma' al-Zawa'id, 10:18; Fayd al-Qadir, 5:516; and al-Ajluni, Kashf al-Khafa' wa Muzil al-Ilbas, 2:257-258.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الضَّبِّيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجِرَاحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، أَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْكِنْدِيُّ، أَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ، أَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أُمَامَةَ ﵁ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ فَقَالَ: "اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَصَلُّوا خَمْسَكُمْ وَصُومُوا شَهْرَكُمْ وَأَدُّوا زَكَاةَ أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَطِيعُوا ذَا أَمْرِكِمْ تَدْخُلُوا جَنَّةَ رَبِّكُمْ" (١) . وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ أُمَرَاءُ السَّرَايَا، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا صَدَقَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، أَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ﴾ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُذَافَةَ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ إِذْ بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي سَرِّيَّةٍ (٢) وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: أَرَادَ بِأُولِي الْأَمْرِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ﵄. حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْمُظَفَّرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ التَّيْمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَيْثَمَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَيْدَرَةَ الْأَطْرَابُلُسِيُّ، أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَرْزَةَ بِالْكُوفَةِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ثَابِتُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْعَابِدُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رَبْعِيٍّ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي مَا بَقَائِي فِيكُمْ فَاقْتَدُوا بِاللَّذِينَ مِنْ بِعْدِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ" (٣) ، ﵄. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: هُمُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ وَالتَّابِعُونَ لَهُمْ بِإِحْسَانٍ بِدَلِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ﴿وَالسَّابِقُونَ الْأَوَّلُونَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ﴾ الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَحْمُودٍ، أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ﵃ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَثَلُ أَصْحَابِي فِي أُمَّتِي كَالْمِلْحِ فِي الطَّعَامِ لَا يَصْلَحُ الطَّعَامُ إِلَّا بِالْمِلْحِ" (٤) قَالَ: قَالَ

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في الصلاة، باب ما ذكر في فضل الصلاة، ٣ / ٢٣٨ وقال: هذا حديث حسن صحيح، وأحمد: ٥ / ٢٥١. وإسناده حسن. ورواه من طريق أخرى في: ٥ / ٢٦٢ وفيه ضعيف. وأخرجه ابن حبان والحاكم والبيهقي، ورواه الخلعي في فوائده. انظر: فيض القدير: ١ / ١٣٠، وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٢٣ - ٢٤، وقال: هذا حديث حسن. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، سورة النساء، باب "أطيعوا الله وأطيعوا الرسول" ٨ / ٢٥٣، ومسلم في الإمارة، باب وجوب طاعة الأمراء في غير معصية برقم: (١٨٣٤) : ٣ / ١٤٦٥. وانظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (١٥٢) . (٣) أخرجه الترمذي في المناقب: ١٠ / ١٤٩، وابن ماجه في المقدمة برقم (٩٧) : ١ / ٣٧، والحاكم مختصرا: ٣ / ٧٥ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي، وأحمد: ٥ / ٣٨٢، ٤٠٢ عن حذيفة، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ١٠١ وقال: حديث صحيح. (٤) أخرجه الإمام أحمد في فضائل الصحابة: ١ / ٥٨ عن الحسن مرسلا وفيه علتان: جهالة شيخ معمر، وإرسال الحسن البصري. وابن المبارك في الزهد ص (٢٠٠) ، ورواه أبو يعلي والبزار بنحوه، وفيه إسماعيل بن مسلم وهو ضعيف، وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٧٣. وانظر: مجمع الزوائد: ١٠ / ١٨، فيض القدير: ٥ / ٥١٦، كشف الخفاء ومزيل الإلباس للعجلوني: ٢ / ٢٥٧ - ٢٥٨.