Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/238)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“I am not the one you knew,” yet he is the very same person; only his condition has changed.

Al-Suddi said: “The skin is replaced with another skin made from the disbeliever’s flesh. Then He turns the skin back into flesh, and then brings forth from that flesh another skin.”

It was also said: It is the person who is punished by means of the skin, not the skin itself. The evidence is that He says, “so that they may taste the punishment,” and He did not say, “so that it may taste.” Abd al-Aziz ibn Yahya said: “Allah clothes the people of the Fire in skins that do not themselves feel pain, thereby increasing their punishment. Whenever a skin is burned, He replaces it with another skin, as He says: ‘Their garments will be of tar.’ (Abraham, 50) Thus, the garments cause them pain, while they themselves do not feel pain.”

The words of the Exalted: “So that they may taste the punishment. Surely Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.”

“As for those who believe and do righteous deeds, We shall admit them into Gardens graced with flowing rivers, there to remain forever. There they will have pure spouses, and We shall admit them into a deep shade. (57) Allah commands you to return trusts to their rightful owners; whenever you judge between people, judge with justice. Excellent indeed is Allah’s instruction to you. Surely Allah is All-Hearing, All-Seeing. (58)”

“As for those who believe and do righteous deeds, We shall admit them into Gardens graced with flowing rivers, there to remain forever. There they will have pure spouses, and We shall admit them into a deep shade”—a sheltered shade, untouched by the sun, in which they will suffer neither heat nor cold.

The words of the Exalted: “Allah commands you to return trusts to their rightful owners.” This was revealed concerning Uthman ibn Talhah al-Hajabi, of the Banu Abd al-Dar. He was the custodian of the Ka‘bah. When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, entered Mecca on the day of its conquest, Uthman locked the door of the House and climbed onto its roof. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, asked for the key, and it was said, “It is with Uthman.” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, asked him for it, but he refused, saying, “Had I known that he was the Messenger of Allah, I would not have withheld the key from him.” Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, then twisted his hand and took the key from him. He opened the door, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, entered the House and prayed two units of prayer therein.

When he came out, al-Abbas asked him to give him the key, so that he might combine for him the duty of providing water for the pilgrims and the custodianship of the Ka‘bah. Thereupon Allah, Exalted is He, revealed this verse, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, ordered that the key be returned to Uthman and that an apology be made to him. Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, did so. Uthman said to him, “You compelled and hurt me, then you came treating me gently.” Ali said, “Allah, Exalted is He, has revealed a Quranic verse concerning you ⦗89a⦘,” and recited the verse to him. Uthman said, “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” The key remained with him, and when he died, he passed it on to his brother Shaybah. Thus, the key and the custodianship remain among their descendants until the Day of Resurrection. (1)

It was also said that the verse refers to all trusts. Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Ali al-Zarrad informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn

(1) Al-Wahidi cited it in Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 150, without a chain of transmission. Ibn Hajar said: “This is how al-Tha'labi, and then al-Baghawi, cited it without a chain; al-Wahidi likewise cited it in al-Wasit and Asbab al-Nuzul.” Al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 45. See also al-Tabari, 8:491. Al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:570, attributes it to Ibn Mardawayh through al-Kalbi from Ibn Abbas.

أَنَا غَيْرُ الَّذِي عَهِدْتَ، وَهُوَ عَيْنُ الْأَوَّلِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ صِفَتَهُ تَغَيَّرَتْ. وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: يُبَدَّلُ الْجِلْدُ جِلْدًا غَيْرَهُ مِنْ لَحْمِ الْكَافِرِ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُ الْجِلْدَ لَحْمًا ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُ مِنَ اللَّحْمِ جِلْدًا آخَرَ وَقِيلَ: يُعَذَّبُ الشَّخْصُ فِي الْجِلْدِ لَا الْجِلْدُ، بِدَلِيلِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ﴿لِيَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ﴾ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ: لِتَذُوقَ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى: إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ يُلْبِسُ أَهْلَ النَّارِ جُلُودًا لَا تَأْلَمُ، فَيَكُونُ زِيَادَةَ عَذَابٍ عَلَيْهِمْ، كُلَّمَا احْتَرَقَ جِلْدٌ بَدَّلَهُمْ جِلْدًا غَيْرَهُ، كَمَا قَالَ: "سَرَابِيلُهُمْ مِنْ قَطِرَانٍ" (إِبْرَاهِيمَ -٥٠) فَالسَّرَابِيلُ تُؤْلِمُهُمْ وَهِيَ لَا تَأْلَمُ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿لِيَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا﴾ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا لَهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ وَنُدْخِلُهُمْ ظِلًّا ظَلِيلًا (٥٧) إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا (٥٨) ﴾ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا لَهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ وَنُدْخِلُهُمْ ظِلًّا ظَلِيلًا﴾ كَنِينًا لَا تَنْسَخُهُ الشَّمْسُ وَلَا يُؤْذِيهِمْ حَرٌّ وَلَا بَرْدٌ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِي عُثْمَانَ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ الْحَجَبِيِّ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، وَكَانَ سَادِنَ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ أَغْلَقَ عُثْمَانُ بَابَ الْبَيْتِ وَصَعَدَ السَّطْحَ فَطَلَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمِفْتَاحَ، فَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ مَعَ عُثْمَانَ، فَطَلَبَهُ مِنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَبَى، وَقَالَ: لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَمْ أَمْنَعْهُ الْمِفْتَاحُ، فَلَوَى عَلِيُّ ﵁ يَدَهُ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ الْمِفْتَاحَ وَفَتَحَ الْبَابَ فَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْبَيْتَ وَصَلَّى فِيهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ سَأَلَهُ الْعَبَّاسُ الْمِفْتَاحَ، أَنَّ يُعْطِيَهُ وَيَجْمَعَ لَهُ بَيْنَ السِّقَايَةِ وَالسِّدَانَةِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَرُدَّ الْمِفْتَاحَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ وَيَعْتَذِرَ إِلَيْهِ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ: أَكْرَهْتَ وَآذَيْتَ ثُمَّ جِئْتَ تَرْفُقَ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي شأنك قرآنأ ٨٩/أوَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْآيَةَ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانِ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَكَانَ الْمِفْتَاحُ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ دَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَخِيهِ شَيْبَةَ، فَالْمِفْتَاحُ وَالسِّدَانَةُ فِي أَوْلَادِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ (١) . وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ مِنَ الْآيَةِ جَمِيعَ الْأَمَانَاتِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الزَّرَّادُ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ

(١) أخرجه الواحدي في أسباب النزول ص (١٥٠) بدون إسناد، وقال ابن حجر: هكذا ذكره الثعلبي ثم البغوي بغير إسناد، وكذا ذكره الواحدي في الوسيط والأسباب، الكافي الشاف ص ٤٥، وانظر الطبري: ٨ / ٤٩١، وعزاه في الدر المنثور ٢ / ٥٧٠ لابن مردويه من طريق الكلبي عن ابن عباس.