Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/214)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And those who spend their wealth to be seen by people, and believe neither in Allah nor in the Last Day. Whoever takes Satan as a companion—what an evil companion he is! What harm would it have done them had they believed in Allah and the Last Day and spent from that which Allah had provided them? Allah knows them well. Indeed, Allah does not wrong anyone by as much as an atom’s weight. If there is a good deed, He multiplies it and grants from Himself a tremendous reward.”

“And those who spend their wealth to be seen by people, and believe neither in Allah nor in the Last Day”: the grammatical position of “those” is accusative, coordinated with “those who are miserly.” It has also been said that it is genitive, coordinated with His words, “And We have prepared for the disbelievers.” It was revealed concerning the Jews. Al-Suddi said: concerning the hypocrites. And it has also been said: concerning the idolaters of Mecca, who were united in their hostility toward the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him. (1) 85/a

“Whoever takes Satan as a companion”—that is, as an associate and close friend—“what an evil companion he is!” That is, what an evil companion Satan is. It is in the accusative as a specification. It has also been said that it is in the accusative by way of a disconnected construction, with the definite article omitted, as when one says, “How excellent a man Abdullah is!” Likewise, Allah Most High says: “What an evil substitute for the wrongdoers!” and “Evil indeed is their example!”

“What harm would it have done them?” That is: what harm is there upon them, and what could possibly be held against them, “had they believed in Allah and the Last Day and spent from that which Allah had provided them? Allah knows them well.”

“Indeed, Allah does not wrong anyone by as much as an atom’s weight.” Ibn Abbas put his hand into the soil, then blew into it and said: “Each one of these things is an atom.” What is meant is that He does not wrong anyone, neither a little nor a great deal. (2) The connection in the passage is: “What harm would it have done them had they believed in Allah and the Last Day and spent?” For Allah does not wrong anyone—that is, He does not deprive or diminish anyone of the reward for his deeds by as much as an atom’s weight, the weight of an atom,

(1) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:539. (2) Omitted from manuscript (B).

﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَنْ يَكُنِ الشَّيْطَانُ لَهُ قَرِينًا فَسَاءَ قَرِينًا (٣٨) وَمَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ لَوْ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَنْفَقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَلِيمًا (٣٩) إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِنْ تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَاعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِنْ لَدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (٤٠) ﴾ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ﴾ مَحَلُّ "الَّذِينَ" نَصْبٌ، عَطْفًا عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ، وَقِيلَ: خَفْضٌ عَطْفًا عَلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَ ﴿أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْيَهُودِ، وَقَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَقِيلَ: فِي مشركي مكة ٨٥/أالْمُتَّفِقِينَ عَلَى عَدَاوَةِ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ (١) . ﴿وَمَنْ يَكُنِ الشَّيْطَانُ لَهُ قَرِينًا﴾ صَاحِبًا وَخَلِيلًا ﴿فَسَاءَ قَرِينًا﴾ أَيْ: فَبِئْسَ الشَّيْطَانُ قَرِينًا وَهُوَ نَصْبٌ عَلَى التَّفْسِيرِ، وَقِيلَ: عَلَى الْقَطْعِ بِإِلْقَاءِ الْأَلِفِ وَاللَّامِ كَمَا تَقُولُ: نِعْمَ رَجُلًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَكَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: "بِئْسَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ بَدَلًا" (الْكَهْفِ -٥٠) "سَاءَ مَثَلًا" (الْأَعْرَافِ -١٧٧) . ﴿وَمَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: مَا الَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ عَلَيْهِمْ؟ ﴿لَوْ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَنْفَقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَلِيمًا﴾ ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ﴾ [أَدْخَلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَدَهُ فِي التُّرَابِ ثُمَّ نَفَخَ فِيهَا وَقَالَ: كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءِ ذَرَّةٌ، وَالْمُرَادُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَظْلِمُ. لَا قَلِيلًا وَلَا كَثِيرًا] (٢) . وَنَظْمُهُ: وَمَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ لَوْ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَنْفَقُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ أَيْ: لَا يَبْخَسُ وَلَا يُنْقِصُ أَحَدًا مِنْ ثَوَابِ عَمَلِهِ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ، وَزْنَ ذَرَّةٍ،

(١) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٥٣٩. (٢) ساقط من: (ب) .