Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/213)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Hafs the Merchant informed us; Sahl ibn Ammār informed us; Yazīd ibn Hārūn informed us; Sadaqah ibn Mūsā informed us, from Farqad al-Sabakhī, from Murrah al-Tayyib, from Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “One who mistreats those under his authority shall not enter Paradise.” (1)

“Indeed, Allah does not love whoever is arrogant and boastful.” The arrogant person is the one who is haughty, while the boastful person is one who vaunts himself over people without right, out of pride. This was mentioned after the rights had been set forth, because an arrogant person withholds what is due out of pride.

Hassān ibn Saʿīd al-Manīʿī informed us; Abu Tāhir al-Ziyādī informed us; Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Qattān informed us; Ahmad ibn Yūsuf al-Sulamī informed us; ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us; Maʿmar informed us, from Hammām ibn Munabbih, who said: Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, informed us that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “While a man was strutting about in two striped garments, admiring himself, Allah caused the earth to swallow him, and he will continue sinking through it until the Day of Resurrection.” (2)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsī informed us; Zāhir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hāshimī informed us; Abu Musʿab informed us, from Mālik, from Nāfiʿ, from ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “On the Day of Resurrection, Allah will not look at one who drags his garment out of pride.” (3)

“Those who are miserly, enjoin miserliness upon people, and conceal what Allah has given them of His bounty—and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment.” (37)

“Those who are miserly”: in Arabic usage, miserliness is to withhold from one who asks what exceeds one’s own needs; in the Sacred Law, it is to withhold what is obligatory. “And enjoin miserliness upon people”: Hamzah and al-Kisāʾī recited it as al-bakhal, with a fatḥah on the bāʾ and khāʾ; they likewise recited it so in Surat al-Hadīd. The others recited it with a ḍammah on the bāʾ and a sukūn on the khāʾ. It was revealed concerning the Jews, who withheld the description of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and concealed it. (4)

(1) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in al-Birr, chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding Kindness to the Servant,” 6:77. He said: “This is a gharib hadith.” It was also recorded by Ibn Majah in al-Adab, chapter: “Kindness to Slaves,” no. 3691, 2:1271. In al-Zawa'id, he said: “Its chain contains Farqad al-Sabakhi. Although Ibn Ma'in declared him trustworthy in one report, he deemed him weak in another. Al-Bukhari and others also declared him weak.” It was also recorded by Ahmad, 1:4 and elsewhere; and by Abu Bakr al-Marwazi in Musnad al-Siddiq, nos. 97-99, pp. 138-140. Al-Haythami said: “It was narrated by Ahmad and Abu Ya'la, and its chain contains Farqad al-Sabakhi, referred to in al-Mizan as al-Sinji, who is weak.” Majma' al-Zawa'id, 4:236. Al-Suyuti graded it hasan; see Fayd al-Qadir, 6:449. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Libas, chapter: “Whoever Lets His Garment Trail out of Pride,” 10:258; and by Muslim in al-Libas wa al-Zinah, chapter: “The Prohibition of Strutting in One's Walk out of Self-Admiration over One's Clothing,” no. 2088, 3:1654, with Muslim's wording. Also recorded by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:320-321. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Libas, chapter: “Allah's Statement: ‘Say: Who has forbidden the adornment of Allah which He has brought forth for His servants?’” 10:258 and elsewhere; and by Muslim in al-Libas, chapter: “The Prohibition of Letting One's Garment Trail out of Pride,” no. 2085, 3:1651. Also recorded by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:9-10. (4) See al-Tabari, 8:352; and al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 145-146.

حَفْصٍ التَّاجِرُ، أَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا صَدَقَةُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ فَرْقَدٍ السَّبَخِيِّ، عَنْ مُرَّةَ الطَّيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ سَيِّئُ الْمَلَكَةِ" (١) . ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا﴾ الْمُخْتَالُ: الْمُتَكَبِّرُ، وَالْفَخُورُ: الَّذِي يَفْتَخِرُ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ تَكَبُّرًا، ذَكَرَ هَذَا بَعْدَمَا ذَكَرَ مِنَ الْحُقُوقِ، لِأَنَّ الْمُتَكَبِّرَ يَمْنَعُ الْحَقَّ تَكَبُّرًا. أَخْبَرَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَنِيعِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ السُّلَمِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، قَالَ: أَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يَتَبَخْتَرُ فِي بُرْدَيْنِ وَقَدْ أَعْجَبَتْهُ نَفْسُهُ خَسَفَ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ فَهُوَ يَتَجَلْجَلُ فِيهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَا يَنْظُرُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَى مَنْ جَرَّ ثَوْبَهُ خُيَلَاءَ" (٣) . ﴿الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبُخْلِ وَيَكْتُمُونَ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا (٣٧) ﴾ ﴿الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ﴾ الْبُخْلُ فِي كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ: مَنْعُ السَّائِلِ مِنْ فَضْلِ مَا لَدَيْهِ، وَفِي الشَّرْعِ: مَنْعُ الْوَاجِب، ﴿وَيَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبُخْلِ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ ﴿بِالْبَخَلِ﴾ بِفَتْحِ الْبَاءِ وَالْخَاءِ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةِ الْحَدِيدِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّ الْبَاءِ وَسُكُونِ الْخَاءِ، نَزَلَتْ فِي الْيَهُودِ بَخِلُوا بِبَيَانِ صِفَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَكَتَمُوهَا (٤) .

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في البر باب ما جاء في الإحسان إلى الخادم: ٦ / ٧٧ وقال: هذا حديث غريب، وابن ماجه في الأدب، باب الإحسان إلى المماليك، برقم (٣٦٩١) : ٢ / ١٢٧١، وقال في الزوائد: في إسناده: فرقد السبخي، وهو وإن وثقه ابن معين في رواية فقد ضعفه في أخرى. وقد ضعفه البخاري وغيره، وأخرجه أحمد: ١ / ٤ وفي مواضع أخرى، وأبو بكر المروزي في مسند الصديق برقم (٩٧ -٩٩) ، ص (١٣٨ -١٤٠) . قال: الهيثمي: رواه أحمد وأبو يعلي، وفيه: فرقد السبخي (وفي الميزان السنجي) وهو ضعيف. مجمع الزوائد: ٤ / ٢٣٦. وحسنه السيوطي في الجامع الصغير، انظر: فيض القدير: ٦ / ٤٤٩. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في اللباس، باب من جر ثوبه من الخيلاء: ١٠ / ٢٥٨، ومسلم في اللباس والزينة، باب تحريم التبختر في المشي مع أعجابه بثيابه، برقم (٢٠٨٨) : ٣ / ١٦٥٤، واللفظ له. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٣٢٠ - ٣٢١. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في اللباس، باب قول الله تعالى "قل من حرم زينة الله التي أخرج لعباده": ١٠ / ٢٥٨ وفي مواضع أخرى، ومسلم في اللباس، باب تحريم جر الثوب خيلاء. . برقم (٢٠٨٥) : ٣ / ١٦٥١. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ٩ - ١٠. (٤) انظر الطبري: ٨ / ٣٥٢، وأسباب النزول للواحدي ص (١٤٥ - ١٤٦) .