Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/212)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

then let him treat his neighbor well. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him honor his guest; and whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him speak what is good or remain silent.” (1)

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsī informed us; Zāhir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hāshimī informed us; Abu Mus'ab informed us, from Mālik, from Sa'īd ibn Abī Sa'īd al-Maqburī, from Abu Shurayh al-Ka'bī, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him honor his neighbor. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him speak what is good or remain silent. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him honor his guest. His due as a guest is one day and one night, and hospitality is for three days; whatever is beyond that is charity. It is not lawful for him to remain with his host until he causes him hardship”—that is, until he stays with him. (2)

His saying, exalted is He, “and those whom your right hands possess,” means: slaves; treat them well.

Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Marwazī informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Tahhān informed us; Abu Ahmad Muhammad ibn Quraysh informed us; Ali ibn Abd al-Azīz al-Makkī informed us; Abu Ubayd al-Qāsim ibn Sallām informed us; Yazīd informed us, from Hammām, from Qatādah, from Sālih Abu al-Khalīl, from Safīnah, from Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, would say during his illness: “The prayer, and those whom your right hands possess.” (3) He continued to say it, though his tongue could scarcely utter the words.

Abd al-Wāhid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhī informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymī informed us; Muhammad ibn Yūsuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismā'īl informed us; Umar ibn Hafs informed us; his father informed us; al-A'mash informed us, from al-Ma'rūr, from Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: “I saw him wearing a striped cloak, and his servant was wearing a striped cloak. So I said, ‘If you took this one and wore it, the two cloaks would make a fine suit, and you could give him another garment.’ He replied, ‘There was an exchange of words between me and a man whose mother was non-Arab, so I insulted her. He mentioned me to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said to me, “Did you abuse so-and-so?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “Did you insult his mother?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “You are a man in whom there remains a trait of the Age of Ignorance.” I said, “Even now, at my advanced age?” He said, “Yes. They are your brothers, whom Allah has placed under your authority. So whoever has a brother placed under his authority by Allah should feed him from what he himself eats and clothe him from what he himself wears. Do not burden him with work beyond his capacity; and if you do burden him with work beyond his capacity, then help him with it.”’” (4)

The imam Abu al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Qādī informed us; Abu Tāhir al-Ziyādī informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Amr ibn

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Adab al-Mufrad, chapter: “The Injunction Concerning the Neighbor,” p. 38; and by Muslim in al-Iman, chapter: “Encouragement to Honor the Neighbor and the Guest,” no. 77, 1:96. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: “Whoever Believes in Allah and the Last Day Must Not Harm His Neighbor,” 1:445; and by Muslim in al-Iman, chapter: “Encouragement to Honor the Neighbor,” no. 74, 1:68. (3) Recorded by Ibn Majah in al-Wasaya, chapter: “Did the Messenger of Allah Leave a Will?” 2:900-901, on the authority of Anas and Ali, with a different wording. In al-Zawa'id, he said: “Its chain is hasan, since Ahmad ibn al-Miqdam falls short of the rank of fully precise transmitters, while its remaining narrators meet the conditions of al-Bukhari and Muslim.” It was also recorded by Ahmad, 1:78, on the authority of Ali, may Allah be pleased with him; and 3:17, on the authority of Anas. (4) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: “What Is Forbidden of Insulting and Cursing,” 10:465, as well as elsewhere; and by Muslim in al-Iman, chapter: “Feeding the Slave from What One Eats...,” no. 1661, 3:1282-1283; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 9:339-340.

فَلْيُحْسِنْ إِلَى جَارِهِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فلْيكُرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْرًا أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمُقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ جَارَهُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْرًا أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ، جَائِزَتُهُ يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ، وَالضِّيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ، وَمَا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ أَنْ يَثْوِيَ -أَيْ: أَنْ يُقِيمَ -عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى يُحْرِجَهُ" (٢) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: الْمَمَالِيكُ أَحْسِنُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الطَّحَّانُ، أَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قُرَيْشٍ، أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْمَكِّيُّ أَنَا أَبُو عَبِيدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ سَفِينَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ﵂ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي مَرَضِهِ: "الصَّلَاةَ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ" (٣) ، فَجَعَلَ يَتَكَلَّمُ وَمَا يَفِيضُ بِهَا لِسَانُهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، أَنَا أَبِي، أَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ﵁ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ بُرْدًا وَعَلَى غُلَامِهِ بُرْدٌ، فَقُلْتُ: لَوْ أَخَذْتَ هَذَا فَلَبِسْتَهُ كَانَا حُلَّةً وَأَعْطَيْتَهُ ثَوْبًا آخَرَ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ كَلَامٌ وَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُ أَعْجَمِيَّةً فَنِلْتُ مِنْهَا فَذَكَرَنِي إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ لِي أَسَابَبْتَ فُلَانًا؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: أَفَنِلْتَ أُمَّهُ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ فِيكَ جَاهِلِيَّةٌ، قُلْتُ: عَلَى سَاعَتِي هَذِهِ مِنْ كِبَرِ السِّنِّ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، هُمْ إِخْوَانُكُمْ جَعَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ تَحْتَ أَيْدِيكُمْ، فَمَنْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ أَخَاهُ تَحْتَ يَدِهِ فَلْيُطْعِمْهُ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ وَلْيُلْبِسْهُ مِمَّا يَلْبَسُ وَلَا يُكَلِّفْهُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ، فَإِنَّ كَلَّفَهُ مَا يَغْلِبُهُ فَلْيُعِنْهُ عَلَيْهِ" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي، أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الزِّيَادَيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب المفرد، باب الوصاة بالجار ص (٣٨) ومسلم في الإيمان، باب الحث على إكرام الجار والضيف، برقم (٧٧) : ١ / ٩٦. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب من كان يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر فلا يؤذ جاره: ١ / ٤٤٥، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب الحث على إكرام الجار، برقم (٧٤) : ١ / ٦٨. (٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه في الوصايا، باب هل أوصى رسول الله ﷺ: ٢ / ٩٠٠ - ٩٠١، عن أنس وعن علي بلفظ آخر. قال في الزوائد: إسناده حسن لقصور أحمد بن المقدام عن درجة أهل الضبط، وباقي رجاله على شرط الشيخين. وأخرجه أحمد: ١ / ٧٨ عن علي ﵁، وفي: ٣ / ١٧ عن أنس. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، ما ينهي من السباب واللعن: ١٠ / ٤٦٥ وفي مواضع أخرى، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب إطعام المملوك مما يأكل. . . برقم (١٦٦١) : ٣ / ١٢٨٢ - ١٢٨٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٩ / ٣٣٩ - ٣٤٠.