Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/211)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

good deeds. Whoever treats well an orphan girl or boy in his care, he and I will be like these two in Paradise,” and he joined his two fingers together. (1)

His saying, exalted is He, “and the near neighbor,” means: the neighbor who is a relative; “and the distant neighbor,” meaning: the neighbor who is distant and between whom and you there is no kinship.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Shurayh informed us; Abu al-Qasim Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Baghawi informed us; Ali ibn al-Ja'd informed us; Shu'bah informed us, from Abu Imran al-Jawni, who said: I heard Talhah say: Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, “O Messenger of Allah, I have two neighbors; to which of them should I send a gift?” He replied, “To the one whose door is nearer to yours.” (2)

The learned imam Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin al-Qushayri informed us; Abu Nu'aym Abd al-Malik ibn al-Hasan al-Isfarayini informed us; Abu Awanah Ya'qub ibn Ishaq informed us; Yazid ibn Sinan informed us; Uthman ibn Umar informed us; Abu Amir al-Khazzaz informed us, from Abu Imran al-Jawni, from Abd Allah ibn al-Samit, from Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Do not regard any good deed as insignificant, even if it is merely meeting your brother with a cheerful face. And when you cook broth, add plenty of water to it and give some of it to your neighbors.” (3)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Muhammad ibn Minhal informed us; Yazid ibn Zuray' informed us; Umar ibn Muhammad informed us, from his father, from Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Gabriel continued to urge me to treat the neighbor well, until I thought that he would make him an heir.” (4)

His saying, exalted is He, “and the companion at your side,” means one’s companion on a journey. This was said by Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, as well as a group of others, Ikrimah, and Qatadah. Ali, Abd Allah, and al-Nakha'i said: It is a man’s wife, who is beside him. Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Zayd said: It is the person who accompanies you in hope of your benefit.

“And the traveler”: it is said that this refers to the traveler, because he remains upon the road. The majority, however, hold that it means the guest.

The learned imam Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Karim ibn Hawazin al-Qushayri informed us; Abu Nu'aym Abd al-Malik ibn al-Hasan al-Isfarayini informed us; Abu Awanah Ya'qub ibn Ishaq informed us; Shu'ayb ibn Amr al-Dimashqi informed us; Sufyan ibn Uyaynah informed us, from Amr ibn Dinar, who heard Nafi' ibn Jubayr, from Abu Shurayh al-Khuza'i, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day

(1) Recorded by Ahmad, 5:250, 265. Al-Haythami also attributed it to al-Tabarani and said: “It contains Ali ibn Yazid al-Alhani, who is weak.” Majma al-Zawa'id, 8:160. Also recorded by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:44. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: “The Right of Neighborliness Regarding the Nearness of Doorways,” 10:447. (3) Recorded by Muslim in al-Birr wa al-Silah, chapter: “The Recommendation of a Cheerful Countenance When Meeting,” in abridged form, no. 2626, 4:2026. Also recorded by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 6:197. (4) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: “The Injunction Concerning the Neighbor,” 10:441; and by Muslim in al-Birr wa al-Silah, chapter: “The Injunction Concerning the Neighbor and Showing Him Kindness,” no. 2625, 4:2025. Also recorded by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:71.

حَسَنَاتٌ، وَمَنْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَى يَتِيمَةٍ أَوْ يَتِيمٍ عِنْدَهُ كُنْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ كَهَاتَيْنِ وَقَرَنَ بَيْنَ أُصْبَعَيْهِ" (١) قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى﴾ أَيْ: ذِي الْقَرَابَةِ، ﴿وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ﴾ أَيِ: الْبَعِيدُ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ قُرَابَةٌ. [أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْبَغْوَيُّ، أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، أَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ] طَلْحَةَ قَالَ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي جَارَيْنِ فَإِلَى أَيِّهِمَا أُهْدِيَ؟ قَالَ: "إِلَى أَقْرَبِهِمَا مِنْكِ بَابًا" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا الْأُسْتَاذُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ هَوَازِنٍ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الإِسْفَرَاينِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عُوَانَةَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْخَزَّازُ، عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا تَحْقِرَنَّ مِنَ الْمَعْرُوفِ شَيْئًا وَلَوْ أَنْ تَلْقَى أَخَاكَ بِوَجْهٍ طَلْقٍ، وَإِذَا طَبَخْتَ مَرَقَةً فَأَكْثِرْ مَاءَهَا وَاغْرِفْ لِجِيرَانِكَ مِنْهَا" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، أَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يُوصِينِي بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيْوَرِّثُهَ" (٤) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنْبِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الرَّفِيقَ فِي السَّفَرِ، قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ وَجَمَاعَةٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَقَتَادَةُ، وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَالنَّخَعِيُّ: هُوَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَكُونُ مَعَهُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَابْنُ زَيْدٍ: هُوَ الَّذِي يَصْحَبُكَ رَجَاءَ نَفْعِكَ. ﴿وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ﴾ قِيلَ: هُوَ الْمُسَافِرُ لِأَنَّهُ مُلَازِمٌ لِلسَّبِيلِ، وَالْأَكْثَرُونَ: عَلَى أَنَّهُ الضَّيْفُ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْأُسْتَاذُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ هَوَازِنَ الْقُشَيْرِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الِاسْفَرَايِينِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عُوَانَةَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ نَافِعَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ

(١) أخرجه أحمد: ٥ / ٢٥٠، ٢٦٥ وعزاه الهيثمي أيضا للطبراني، وقال: فيه علي بن يزيد الألهاني وهو ضعيف، مجمع الزوائد: ٨ / ١٦٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٤٤. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب حق الجوار في قرب الأبواب: ١٠ / ٤٤٧. (٣) أخرجه مسلم في البر والصلة، باب استحباب طلاقة الوجه عند اللقاء مختصرا، برقم (٢٦٢٦) : ٤ / ٢٠٢٦ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ١٩٧. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب الوصاة بالجار: ١٠ / ٤٤١، ومسلم في البر والصلة، باب الوصية بالجار والإحسان إليه، برقم (٢٦٢٥) : ٤ / ٢٠٢٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٧١.