Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/210)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

His saying, exalted is He, “Allah will bring about harmony between them,” encompasses separation as well as other outcomes (1), because bringing about harmony means that each of them is freed from sin; at times this is achieved through separation, and at other times through the rectification of their condition while they remain together.

“And worship Allah and associate nothing with Him. Be good to parents, relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the distant neighbor, the companion at your side, the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allah does not love whoever is arrogant and boastful.” (36)

His saying, exalted is He, “And worship Allah,” means: affirm His oneness and obey Him. “And associate nothing with Him.”

Abu Hamid Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Bishran informed us; Ali Abu Isma'il Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Ma'mar informed us, from Abu Ishaq, from Amr ibn Maymun al-Awdi (2), from Mu'adh ibn Jabal, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I was riding behind the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, when he said, “Do you know, Mu'adh, what Allah’s right over His servants is?” I said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He said, “His right over them is that they worship Him and associate nothing with Him. Do you know, Mu'adh, what the servants’ right over Allah is if they do that?” I said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He said, “The servants’ right over Allah is that He will not punish them.” I said, “O Messenger of Allah, should I not give the people this glad tiding?” He said, “Leave them to act.” (3)

His saying, exalted is He, “And be good to parents,” means treating them dutifully and showing them compassion. “And relatives,” meaning: be good to relatives. “And orphans and the needy.”

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Amr ibn Zurarah informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Abi Hazim informed us, from his father, from Sahl ibn Sa'd, may Allah be pleased with him, who said that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said (4), “I and the one who sponsors an orphan will be like this in Paradise,” and he gestured with his index and middle fingers, separating them slightly. (5)

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kisa'i informed us; Abd Allah ibn Mahmud informed us; Ibrahim ibn Abd Allah al-Khallal informed us; Abd Allah ibn Mubarak informed us, from Yahya ibn Ayyub, from Abd Allah ibn Zahr, from Ali ibn Yazid, from al-Qasim (6), from Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said, “Whoever strokes the head of an orphan, doing so only for Allah’s sake, will have, for every hair over which his hand passes”

(1) The material within parentheses is from manuscript A. (2) The material within parentheses is from manuscript A. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Jihad, chapter: “On the Names of Horses and Donkeys,” 6:58; and in al-Tawhid, chapter: “What Has Been Related Regarding the Prophet’s Supplication for His Community,” 13:347; and by Muslim in al-Iman, chapter: “The Evidence That Whoever Dies upon Tawhid Will Certainly Enter Paradise,” nos. 48-50, 1:58-59. Also recorded by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:93. (4) The parenthetical portions of the chains of transmission of these hadiths are omitted from manuscript A. (5) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Adab, chapter: “The Merit of One Who Supports an Orphan,” 10:463; and by Muslim in al-Zuhd wa al-Raqa'iq, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, chapter: “Kindness to the Widow and the Poor,” no. 2983, 4:2287. Also recorded by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 13:43. (6) The parenthetical portions of the chains of transmission of these hadiths are omitted from manuscript A.

قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا﴾ يَشْتَمِلُ عَلَى الْفِرَاقِ وَغَيْرِهِ] (١) لِأَنَّ التَّوْفِيقَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنَ الْوِزْرِ وَذَلِكَ تَارَةً يَكُونُ بِالْفُرْقَةِ وتارَةً بِصَلَاحِ حَالِهِمَا فِي الْوُصْلَةِ. ﴿وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنْبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا (٣٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ﴾ أَيْ: وَحِّدُوهُ وَأَطِيعُوهُ، ﴿وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا﴾ [أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، أَنَا عَلِيٌّ أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْأَوْدِيِّ] (٢) عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ ﵁ قَالَ: كُنْتُ رَدِيفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "هَلْ تَدْرِي يَا مُعَاذُ مَا حَقُّ اللَّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: حَقُّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَعْبُدُوهُ وَلَا يُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، أَتَدْرِي يَا مُعَاذُ مَا حَقُّ النَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: فَإِنَّ حَقَّ النَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ لَا يُعَذِّبَهُمْ، قَالَ قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا أُبَشِّرُ النَّاسَ؟ قَالَ: دَعْهُمْ يَعْمَلُونَ" (٣) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا﴾ بِرًّا بِهِمَا وَعَطْفًا عَلَيْهِمَا، ﴿وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَى﴾ أَيْ: أَحْسِنُوا بِذِي الْقُرْبَى، ﴿وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ﴾ [أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلْيَحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ﵁ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ] (٤) "أَنَا وَكَافِلُ الْيَتِيمِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ هَكَذَا، وَأَشَارَ بِالسَّبَّابَةِ وَالْوُسْطَى وَفَرَّجَ بَيْنَهُمَا شَيْئًا" (٥) . [أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْكِسَائِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَحْمُودٍ، أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَلَّالُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُبَارَكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَحْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ] (٦) عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ ﵁ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ مَسَحَ رَأْسَ يَتِيمٍ لَمْ يَمْسَحْهُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ كَانَ لَهُ بِكُلِّ شَعْرَةٍ تَمُرُّ عَلَيْهَا يَدُهُ

(١) ما بين القوسين من (أ) . (٢) ما بين القوسين من (أ) . (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب في اسم الفرس والحمار: ٦ / ٥٨، وفي التوحيد، باب ما جاء في دعاء النبي ﷺ أمته. . ١٣ / ٣٤٧ ومسلم في الإيمان، باب الدليل على أن من مات على التوحيد دخل الجنة قطعا، برقم (٤٨ - ٥٠) ١ / ٥٨ - ٥٩. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٩٣. (٤) ما بين القوسين من أسانيد هذه الأحاديث ساقط من: (أ) . (٥) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب فضل من يعول يتيما: ١٠ / ٤٦٣، ومسلم في الزهد والرقائق عن أبي هريرة، باب الإحسان إلى الأرملة والمسكين برقم (٢٩٨٣) : ٤ / ٢٢٨٧. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٤٣. (٦) ما بين القوسين من أسانيد هذه الأحاديث ساقط من: (أ) .