Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/201)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the proper bounds, whereas injustice is to put something in other than its proper place. “We shall cast him” means: We shall admit him, in the Hereafter, into “a Fire” in which he will burn. “And that is easy for Allah” means: effortless.

Allah’s statement: “If you avoid the grave sins you are forbidden to commit”: The scholars differed concerning the major sins whose avoidance Allah has made an expiation for lesser sins.

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Muhammad ibn Muqatil informed us; al-Nadr informed us; Shubah informed us; Firas informed us, who said: I heard al-Shabi narrate from Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: “The major sins are associating partners with Allah, disobedience to one’s parents, killing a soul, and a false oath.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Musaddad informed us; Bishr ibn al-Mufaddal informed us; al-Jariri informed us, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakrah, from his father, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Shall I not tell you of the gravest of the major sins?” He said this three times. They said, “Yes, O Messenger of Allah.” He said: “Associating partners with Allah, exalted is He, and disobedience to one’s parents.” He then sat up, having been reclining, and said: “Beware of false testimony; beware of false testimony.” He continued repeating it until we wished that he would stop. (2)

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Said Muhammad ibn Musa al-Sayrafi informed us; Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa al-Barti informed us; Muhammad ibn Kathir informed us; Sufyan al-Thawri informed us, from al-Amash, Mansur, and Wasil al-Ahdab, from Abu Wail, from Amr ibn Shurahbil, from Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, which sin is greatest in Allah’s sight?” He said: “To set up a rival to Allah when He created you.” I said, “Then which?” He said: “To kill your child for fear that he will eat with you.” I said, “Then which?” He said: “To commit adultery with your neighbor’s wife.”

⦗83/b⦘ So Allah, exalted is He, revealed in confirmation of the Prophet’s words, peace and blessings be upon him: “And those who do not invoke another god along with Allah, nor kill the soul which Allah has forbidden except by right, nor commit adultery...” (3) The verse continues.

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Oaths and Vows, chapter: “The deceitful oath,” 11:555, as well as elsewhere; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:85. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Testimonies, chapter: “What has been said concerning false testimony,” 5:261, and in the Book of Manners; by Muslim in the Book of Faith, chapter: “Clarification of the major sins and the gravest of them,” no. 87, 1:91; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:83-84. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Quranic Exegesis, in the exegesis of Surat al-Furqan, chapter: “And those who do not invoke another god alongside Allah,” 8:492; by Muslim in the Book of Faith, chapter: “That shirk (associating partners with Allah) is the ugliest of sins,” no. 86, 1:90; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1:82.

الْحَدِّ وَالظُّلْمُ وَضْعُ الشَّيْءِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِهِ، ﴿فَسَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِ﴾ نُدْخِلُهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، ﴿نَارًا﴾ يُصْلَى فِيهَا، ﴿وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا﴾ هَيِّنًا. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبَائِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ﴾ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكَبَائِرِ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ اجْتِنَابَهَا تَكْفِيرًا لِلصَّغَائِرِ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُقَاتِلٍ، أَنَا النَّضْرُ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ، أَنَا فِرَاسٌ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ﵄ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "الْكَبَائِرُ: الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ، وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ، وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ، وَالْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسِ" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، أَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ، أَنَا الْجَرِيرِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكَرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَلَّا أُنْبِئُكُمْ بِأَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ؟ " ثَلَاثًا قَالُوا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: "الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ ﷿، وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ، وَجَلَسَ وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا فَقَالَ: أَلَّا وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ أَلَّا وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ، فَمَا زَالَ يُكَرِّرُهَا حَتَّى قُلْنَا لَيْتَهُ سَكَتَ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْبَرْتِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ وَمَنْصُورٍ، وَوَاصِلٍ الْأَحْدَبِ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ﵄ قَالَ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّ الذَّنْبِ أَعْظَمُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: "أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لِلَّهِ نِدًّا وَهُوَ خَلَقَكَ، قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيُّ؟ قَالَ: أَنْ تَقْتُلَ وَلَدَكَ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مَعَكَ، قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ أَيُّ؟ قَالَ: أَنْ تُزَانِيَ حليلة جارك"، ٨٣/ب فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى تَصْدِيقَ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: ﴿وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلَا يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا يَزْنُونَ﴾ (٣) الْآيَةَ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأيمان والنذور، باب اليمين الغموس: ١١ / ٥٥٥، وفي مواضع أخرى، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٨٥. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الشهادات، باب ما قيل في شهادة الزور: ٥ / ٢٦١، وفي الأدب، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب بيان الكبائر وأكبرها، برقم (٨٧) : ١ / ٩١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٨٣ - ٨٤. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، تفسير سورة الفرقان، باب "والذين لا يدعون مع الله إلها آخر" ٨ / ٤٩٢، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب كون الشرك أقبح الذنوب، برقم (٨٦) : ١ / ٩٠. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٨٢.