Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/200)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

as is established by what Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi related to us: Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Musab informed us, from Malik, from Nafi, from Abdullah ibn Umar, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The buyer and seller each retain the option to rescind the sale as long as they have not separated, except in a sale in which an option has been stipulated.” (1)

“And do not kill yourselves.” Abu Ubaydah said: That is, do not destroy yourselves, as He says: “And do not cast yourselves with your own hands into destruction.” (al-Baqarah 2:195) It was also said: Do not kill yourselves by consuming wealth unlawfully.

It was also said that this refers to killing a Muslim. Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad al-Khatib informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad al-Khallal informed us; Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us; al-Rabi informed us; al-Shafii informed us; Ibn Uyaynah informed us, from Ayyub, from Abu Qilabah, from Thabit ibn al-Dahhak, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever kills himself by something in this world will be punished with it on the Day of Resurrection.” (2)

Abu al-Fadl Ziyad ibn Muhammad al-Hanafi narrated to us; Abu Muadh Abd al-Rahman al-Muzani informed us; Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Hammad al-Qadi informed us; Abu Musa al-Zaman informed us; Wahb ibn Jarir informed us; my father informed me, saying: I heard al-Hasan say: Jundab ibn Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, informed us that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “An ulcer appeared on a man among those before you, and he became impatient because of it. He took a knife and cut his hand with it, and the blood did not stop until he died.” Allah, exalted is He, said: “My servant hastened to take his own life; therefore, I have forbidden Paradise to him.” (3)

Al-Hasan said: “And do not kill yourselves,” meaning your brothers; that is, let not some of you kill others. “Surely Allah is Ever-Merciful to you.” Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Numaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Sulayman ibn Harb informed us; Shubah informed us, from Ali ibn Mudrik, who said: I heard Abu Zurah ibn Amr ibn Jarir narrate from his grandfather, who said: At the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to me: “Ask the people to listen attentively.” Then he said: “Do not, after me, relapse into disbelief, striking one another’s necks.” (4)

“And whoever does this in transgression and injustice, We shall cast him into a Fire; and that is easy for Allah. (30) If you avoid the grave sins you are forbidden to commit, We shall remove from you your lesser misdeeds and admit you into a noble entrance. (31)”

“And whoever does this,” meaning the prohibited matters mentioned above, “in transgression and injustice”: for transgression means exceeding

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Sales, chapter: “The two parties to a sale have the option so long as they have not separated,” 4:328; by Muslim in the Book of Sales, chapter: “The establishment of the option of the meeting for the two parties to a sale,” no. 1531, 3:1163; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:39. (2) Reported by Muslim in the Book of Faith, chapter: “The stern prohibition of a person killing himself,” no. 110, 1:104; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:154. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of the Prophets, chapter: “What is mentioned concerning the Children of Israel,” 6:496; by Muslim in the Book of Faith, chapter: “The stern prohibition of a person killing himself,” no. 113, 1:107, with similar wording; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:155. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Tribulations, chapter: “The Prophet's statement: ‘Do not become disbelievers after me,’” 13:26, as well as elsewhere; by Muslim in the Book of Faith, chapter: “The meaning of the Prophet's statement: ‘Do not become disbelievers after me,’” no. 65, 1:81-82; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:221-222.

لِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "الْمُتَبَايِعَانِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ، مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا إِلَّا بَيْعَ الْخِيَارِ" (١) . ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ﴾ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: أَيْ لَا تُهْلِكُوهَا، كَمَا قَالَ: "وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ" (الْبَقَرَةِ -١٩٥) ، وَقِيلَ: لَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ بِأَكْلِ الْمَالِ بِالْبَاطِلِ. وَقِيلَ: أَرَادَ بِهِ قَتْلَ الْمُسْلِمِ نَفْسَهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخَطِيبُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالُ، أَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، أَنَا الرَّبِيعُ، أَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسَهُ بِشَيْءٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا عُذِّبَ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ" (٢) . حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ زِيَادُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاذٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُزَنِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الْقَاضِي، أَنَا أَبُو مُوسَى الزَّمِنُ، أَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبِي، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ: أَخْبَرَنَا جُنْدَبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "خَرَجَ بِرَجُلٍ فِيمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ أَرَابٌ فَجَزِعَ مِنْهُ، فَأَخْرَجَ سِكِّينًا فَحَزَّ بِهَا يَدَهُ فَمَا رَقَأَ الدَّمُ حَتَّى مَاتَ" فَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: بَادَرَنِي عَبْدِي بِنَفْسِهِ فَحَرَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ" (٣) وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: ﴿وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: إِخْوَانَكُمْ، أَيْ: لَا يَقْتُلُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا، ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، أَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُدْرِكٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا زُرْعَةَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ: "اسْتَنْصَتَ النَّاسَ" ثُمَّ قَالَ: "لَا تَرْجِعُنَّ بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ" (٤) . ﴿وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ عُدْوَانًا وَظُلْمًا فَسَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِ نَارًا وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا (٣٠) إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبَائِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلْكُمْ مُدْخَلًا كَرِيمًا (٣١) ﴾ ﴿وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ﴾ يَعْنِي: مَا سَبَقَ ذِكْرُهُ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ، ﴿عُدْوَانًا وَظُلْمًا﴾ فَالْعَدُوَّانُ مُجَاوَزَةُ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في البيوع، باب البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا: ٤ / ٣٢٨، ومسلم في البيوع، باب ثبوت خيار المجلس للمتبايعين برقم (١٥٣١) : ٣ / ١١٦٣، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٨ / ٣٩. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في الإيمان، باب غلظ تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه، برقم (١١٠) : ١ / ١٠٤ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ١٥٤. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء، باب ما يذكر عن بني إسرائيل: ٦ / ٤٩٦، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب غلظ تحريم قتل الإنسان نفسه، برقم (١١٣) : ١ / ١٠٧ بلفظ مقارب، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ١٥٥. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الفتن، باب قول النبي ﷺ: " لا ترجعوا بعدي كفارا" ١٣ / ٢٦ وفي مواضع أخرى، ومسلم في الإيمان، باب معنى قوله ﷺ: لا ترجعوا بعدي كفارا، برقم (٦٥) : ١ / ٨١ - ٨٢. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٢٢١ - ٢٢٢.