Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/178)

“And for you is half of what your wives leave, if they have no child. But if they have a child, then for you is one-quarter of what they leave, after any bequest they may have made or any debt. And for them—that is, the wives—is one-quarter of what you leave, if you have no child. But if you have a child, then for them is one-eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you may have made or any debt. And if a man or woman leaves neither parent nor child, but has a brother or sister, then each of them shall have one-sixth. But if they are more than that, they shall share one-third, after any bequest that has been made or any debt, without causing harm. This is an injunction from Allah; and Allah is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.” (12)

His saying, exalted is He: “And for you is half of what your wives leave, if they have no child. But if they have a child, then for you is one-quarter of what they leave, after any bequest they may have made or any debt.” This concerns the inheritance due to husbands.

“And for them is one-quarter”—that is, the wives shall have one-quarter—“of what you leave, if you have no child. But if you have a child, then for them is one-eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you may have made or any debt.” This concerns the inheritance due to wives. If a man has four wives, they share the one-quarter or the one-eighth.

His saying, exalted is He: “And if a man is inherited as a kalālah, or a woman”—that is, a woman whose estate is inherited as that of a kalālah. The structure of the verse is: “And if there is a man or

﴿وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ وَصِيَّةً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ (١٢) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ وَهَذَا فِي مِيرَاثِ الْأَزْوَاجِ، ﴿وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ﴾ يَعْنِي: لِلزَّوْجَاتِ الرُّبُعُ، ﴿مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ﴾ هَذَا فِي مِيرَاثِ الزَّوْجَاتِ وَإِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ أَرْبَعُ نِسْوَةٍ فَهُنَّ يَشْتَرِكْنَ فِي الرُّبُعِ وَالثُّمُنِ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ﴾ تُورَثُ كَلَالَةً، وَنَظْمُ الْآيَةِ: وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ أَوِ