Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/156)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Mujahid said: It was revealed concerning all the believing People of the Scripture. “And indeed, among the People of the Scripture are those who believe in Allah”; “and in what has been sent down to you,” meaning the Quran; “and in what was sent down to them,” meaning the Torah and the Gospel; “humbly submissive to Allah,” that is, submissive and humble before Allah; “They do not exchange Allah’s verses for a paltry price,” meaning that, unlike other Jewish leaders, they do not alter their scriptures or conceal the description of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, for the sake of leadership and worldly gain. “They will have their reward with their Lord. Indeed, Allah is swift in reckoning.”

“O you who believe, persevere and endure, remain stationed, and fear Allah, so that you may prosper. (200)”

Concerning His saying, Most High, “O you who believe, persevere and endure, and remain stationed”: al-Hasan said: “Persevere in your religion, and do not abandon it, whether in hardship or ease.” Qatadah said: “Persevere in obedience to Allah.”

Al-Dahhak and Muqatil ibn Sulayman said: “In carrying out Allah’s command.” Muqatil ibn Hayyan said: “In fulfilling the obligations ordained by Allah Most High.” Zayd ibn Aslam said: “In jihad.” Al-Kalbi said: “In affliction; and ‘endure’ means against the disbelievers, while ‘remain stationed’ means against the polytheists.” Abu ‘Ubaydah said: “That is, persist and remain steadfast.” The root of ribat is fastening; originally, it referred to each side tethering their horses. It was then applied to everyone stationed at a frontier, defending those behind him, even if he has no mount.

‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il informed us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Munir informed us, who heard Abu al-Nadr; ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Dinar informed me, from Abu Hazim, from Sahl ibn Sa‘d al-Sa‘idi, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Standing guard for one day in the way of Allah is better than this world and all that is in it. A space in Paradise the size of one of your whips is better than this world and all that is in it. And an outing undertaken by a servant in the way of Allah, whether in the morning or the evening, is better than this world and all that is in it.” (2)

Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali ibn Yusuf al-Juwayni informed us; Abu Muhammad Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sharik al-Shafi‘i informed us; ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Muslim, Abu Bakr al-Jurabadhi, informed us; Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-A‘la informed us; Ibn Wahb informed us; ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Shurayh informed me, from ‘Abd al-Karim ibn al-Harith, from Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn ‘Uqbah, from Shurahbil ibn al-Simt, from Salman al-Khayr, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever stands guard for a day and a night in the way of Allah will have the reward of fasting

(1) See Tafsir al-Tabari, 7:498-499; al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:388; and Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 1:440. (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Jihad, under the chapter “The Merit of Guarding the Frontier for One Day in the Path of Allah,” 6:85. Ibn Kathir also cited many hadiths on this subject in his commentary on the verse, 1:445-448.

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي مُؤْمِنِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ كُلِّهِمْ (١) ، ﴿وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لَمَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ﴾ ﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ، ﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: التَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ، ﴿خَاشِعِينَ لِلَّهِ﴾ خَاضِعِينَ مُتَوَاضِعِينَ لِلَّهِ، ﴿لَا يَشْتَرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ يَعْنِي: لَا يُحَرِّفُونَ كُتُبَهُمْ وَلَا يَكْتُمُونَ صِفَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ لِأَجْلِ الرِّيَاسَةِ وَالْمَأْكَلَةِ كَفِعْلِ غَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ الْيَهُودِ، ﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ﴾ ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اصْبِرُوا وَصَابِرُوا وَرَابِطُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ (٢٠٠) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اصْبِرُوا وَصَابِرُوا وَرَابِطُوا﴾ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: اصْبِرُوا عَلَى دِينِكُمْ وَلَا تَدَعُوهُ لِشِدَّةٍ وَلَا رَخَاءٍ، وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: اصْبِرُوا عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ وَمُقَاتِلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ: عَلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: عَلَى أَدَاءِ فَرَائِضِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ: عَلَى الْجِهَادِ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: عَلَى الْبَلَاءِ، وَصَابِرُوا يَعْنِي: الْكُفَّارَ، وَرَابِطُوا يَعْنِي: الْمُشْرِكِينَ، قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، أَيْ دَاوِمُوا وَاثْبُتُوا، وَالرَّبْطُ الشَّدُّ، وَأَصْلُ الرِّبَاطِ أَنْ يَرْبِطَ هَؤُلَاءِ خُيُولَهُمْ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ خُيُولَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قِيلَ: لِكُلِّ مُقِيمٍ فِي ثَغْرٍ يَدْفَعُ عَمَّنْ وَرَاءَهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَرْكَبٌ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُنِيرٍ، سَمِعَ أَبَا النَّضْرِ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "رِبَاطُ يَوْمٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا عَلَيْهَا، وَمَوْضِعُ سَوْطِ أَحَدِكُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا عَلَيْهَا، وَالرَّوْحَةُ يَرُوحُهَا الْعَبْدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَوِ الْغُدْوَةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا عَلَيْهَا" (٢) . . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْجُوَيْنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَرِيكٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْجُورَبَذِيُّ، أَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى، أَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ السِّمْطِ عَنْ سَلْمَانَ الْخَيْرِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ رَابَطَ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرُ صِيَامِ

(١) انظر: تفسير الطبري: ٧ / ٤٩٨ - ٤٩٩، الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٣٨٨ وابن كثير: ١ / ٤٤٠. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد باب فضل رباط يوم في سبيل الله. . ٦ / ٨٥، وقد ساق ابن كثير كثيرًا من الأحاديث في هذا المعنى في تفسيره للآية: ١ / ٤٤٥ - ٤٤٨.