Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/154)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the men in connection with emigration, but He does not mention women.” Then Allah Most High revealed this verse: “You are of one another.” (1)

Al-Kalbi said: This refers to religion, support, and mutual allegiance. It was also said: All of you are descended from Adam and Eve. Al-Dahhak said: Your men are the counterparts of your women, and your women are the counterparts of your men, in obedience—just as He said: “The believing men and believing women are allies of one another.” (Surah al-Tawbah, 71)

“Those who emigrated, were driven from their homes, suffered in My cause”—that is, in obedience to Me and for My religion—refers to the Emigrants whom the idolaters expelled from Mecca. “And fought and were killed.” Ibn ‘Amir and Ibn Kathir recited it with an intensified form: “and were repeatedly slain.” Al-Hasan said: This means that they were cut to pieces in battle. The other reciters read it without intensification. Most reciters read: “and fought and were killed,” meaning that they fought the enemy and were then killed. Hamzah and al-Kisa’i recited: “and were killed and fought.” This has two possible meanings. The first is that those of them who remained fought; thus, “and were killed” means that some of them were killed. The Arabs say, “We killed the sons of so-and-so,” even though they killed only some of them. The second meaning is: they were killed after having fought.

“I will surely absolve them of their misdeeds and admit them into gardens beneath which rivers flow, as a reward from Allah.” Al-Kisa’i said that “as a reward” is in the accusative as a detached phrase. Al-Mubarrad said: It is a verbal noun; that is, “I will surely reward them with a reward.” “And with Allah is the finest reward.”

“Do not be deceived by the movement of those who disbelieve throughout the land. (196) It is but a brief enjoyment; then their refuge is Hell—what an evil resting place! (197) But those who fear their Lord will have gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein, as a welcome from Allah. And what is with Allah is better for the righteous. (198)”

His saying, Most High, “Do not be deceived by the movement of those who disbelieve throughout the land,” was revealed concerning the idolaters. They lived in ease and comfort, engaging in trade and enjoying themselves. Some of the believers said, “The enemies of Allah Most High enjoy the good things that we see, while we are in hardship?” So Allah Most High revealed this verse: “Do not be deceived by the movement of those who disbelieve throughout the land”—their travelling through the earth and moving about the lands for trade and various forms of gain. The address is directed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, but what is intended is others.

“It is but a brief enjoyment”: that is, it is a little provision, a fleeting sustenance, and a passing pleasure. “Then their refuge”—their final destination—“is Hell; what an evil resting place!” That is, an evil bed.

“But those who fear their Lord will have gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein, as a welcome”—that is, as recompense and reward—“from Allah.” The word nuzulan (a welcome) is in the accusative as an explanatory accusative; it was also said that He made it a welcome. “And what is with Allah is better for the righteous” than the enjoyments of this world.

(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in Tafsir, in his commentary on Surat al-Nisa', 8:377; authenticated by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 2:300, according to the conditions of al-Bukhari; and by al-Tabari in Tafsir, 7:486-487. Al-Suyuti also attributed it to Sa'id ibn Mansur, Ibn al-Mundhir, Abd al-Razzaq, Ibn Abi Hatim, and al-Tabarani, all on the authority of Umm Salama. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:412; and Lubab al-Nuqul, p. 150, in the margin of al-Jalalayn.

الرِّجَالَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ وَلَا يَذْكُرُ النِّسَاءَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ﴿بَعْضُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ﴾ (١) قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: فِي الدِّينِ وَالنُّصْرَةِ وَالْمُوَالَاةِ، وَقِيلَ: كُلُّكُمْ مِنْ آدَمَ وَحَوَّاءَ، وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: رِجَالُكُمْ شَكْلُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَنِسَاؤُكُمْ شَكْلُ رِجَالِكُمْ فِي الطَّاعَةِ، كَمَا قَالَ: "وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ" (التَّوْبَةِ -٧١) . ﴿فَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَأُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأُوذُوا فِي سَبِيلِي﴾ أَيْ: فِي طَاعَتِي وَدِينِي، وَهُمُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ الَّذِينَ أَخْرَجَهُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، ﴿وَقَاتَلُوا وَقُتِلُوا﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ وَابْنُ كَثِيرٍ " وَقُتِّلُوا " بِالتَّشْدِيدِ وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: يَعْنِي أَنَّهُمْ قُطِّعُوا فِي الْمَعْرَكَةِ، وَالْآخَرُونَ بِالتَّخْفِيفِ وَقَرَأَ أَكْثَرُ الْقُرَّاءِ: ﴿وَقَاتَلُوا وَقُتِلُوا﴾ يُرِيدُ أَنَّهُمْ قَاتَلُوا الْعَدُوَّ ثُمَّ أَنَّهُمْ قُتِلُوا وَقَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ ﴿وَقُتِلُوا وَقَاتَلُوا﴾ وَلَهُ وَجْهَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا: مَعْنَاهُ وَقَاتَلَ مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ، وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَقُتِلُوا﴾ أَيْ: قُتِلَ بَعْضُهُمْ تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ قَتَلْنَا بَنِي فُلَانٍ وَإِنَّمَا قَتَلُوا بَعْضَهُمْ وَالْوَجْهُ الْآخَرُ ﴿وَقُتِلُوا﴾ وَقَدْ قَاتَلُوا، ﴿لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَاالأنْهَار ثَوَابًا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ﴾ نُصِبَ عَلَى الْقَطْعِ قَالَهُ الْكِسَائِيُّ، وَقَالَ الْمُبَرِّدُ: مَصْدَرٌ أَيْ: لَأُثِيبَنَّهُمْ ثَوَابًا، ﴿وَاللَّهُ عِنْدَهُ حُسْنُ الثَّوَابِ﴾ ﴿لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ تَقَلُّبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ (١٩٦) مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ ثُمَّ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ (١٩٧) لَكِنِ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا رَبَّهُمْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا نُزُلًا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لِلْأَبْرَارِ (١٩٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ تَقَلُّبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا فِي رَخَاءٍ وَلِينٍ مِنَ الْعَيْشِ يَتَّجِرُونَ وَيَتَنَعَّمُونَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ: إِنَّ أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِيمَا نَرَى مِنَ الْخَيْرِ وَنَحْنُ فِي الْجَهْدِ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ﴿لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ تَقَلُّبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ﴾ وَضَرْبُهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَتَصَرُّفُهُمْ فِي الْبِلَادِ لِلتِّجَارَاتِ وَأَنْوَاعِ الْمَكَاسِبِ فَالْخِطَابُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ غَيْرُهُ. ﴿مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ﴾ أَيْ: هُوَ مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ وَبُلْغَةٌ فَانِيَةٌ وَمُتْعَةٌ زَائِلَةٌ، ﴿ثُمَّ مَأْوَاهُمْ﴾ مَصِيرُهُمْ، ﴿جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ﴾ الْفِرَاشُ. ﴿لَكِنِ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا رَبَّهُمْ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا نُزُلًا﴾ جَزَاءً وَثَوَابًا، ﴿مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ﴾ نُصِبَ عَلَى التَّفْسِيرِ وَقِيلَ: جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ نُزُلًا ﴿وَمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لِلْأَبْرَارِ﴾ مِنْ مَتَاعِ الدُّنْيَا.

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في التفسير تفسير سورة النساء: ٨ / ٣٧٧ وصححه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٣٠٠ على شرط البخاري والطبري في التفسير: ٧ / ٤٨٦ - ٤٨٧. وعزاه السيوطي أيضا لسعيد بن منصور وابن المنذر وعيد الرزاق وابن أبي حاتم والطبراني عن أم سلمة أيضا. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٤١٢ ولباب النقول ص (١٥٠) بهامش الجلالين.