Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/150)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

meaning: “Do not think, O Muhammad, that those who rejoice...” The other reciters read it with the third-person form: “Let not those who rejoice think that their rejoicing will save them from the punishment.” As for “let them not think themselves,” Ibn Kathir and Abu Amr read it with the third-person form and with the letter ba’ vowelled with dammah, as a statement concerning those who rejoice; that is, let them not think themselves safe. The other reciters read it with the second-person form and with the letter ba’ vowelled with fathah; that is, “Do not think them so, O Muhammad.” The repetition of “Do not think them” serves as emphasis. In the recitation of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud: “Do not think that those who rejoice in what they have done and love to be praised for what they have not done will escape punishment,” without repetition.

They differed as to whom this verse was revealed concerning. Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Sa'id ibn Abi Maryam informed us; Muhammad ibn Ja'far informed us; Zayd ibn Aslam related to me, from Ata' ibn Yasar, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri ⦗76/A⦘, that some men among the hypocrites, during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, would remain behind whenever the Messenger of Allah went out on a military expedition, rejoicing at having stayed behind in opposition to the Messenger of Allah. When the Messenger of Allah returned, they would offer him excuses and swear oaths, desiring to be praised for what they had not done. Thus was revealed: “Do not think that those who rejoice in what they have done...” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Ibrahim ibn Musa informed us; Hisham informed us that Ibn Jurayj told them: Ibn Abi Mulaykah told me that Alqamah ibn Waqqas told him that Marwan said to his doorkeeper, “Go, Rafi', to Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, and say to him: ‘If every person who rejoices in what he has been given and loves to be praised for what he has not done is to be punished, then we shall all be punished.’” Ibn Abbas replied, “What have you to do with this verse? The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, summoned some Jews and asked them about something, but they concealed it from him and told him something else instead. They wanted him to think that they deserved praise for what they had told him in response to what he had asked them, and they rejoiced in having concealed it.” Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, then recited: “And when Allah took a covenant from those who were given the Scripture...” up to His words: “They rejoice in what they have done and love to be praised for what they have not done.” (2)

Ikrimah said: “It was revealed concerning Finhas, Ashya', and other rabbis like them, who rejoiced in leading people astray and in people attributing knowledge to them, though they were not people of knowledge.” (3) Mujahid said: “They were the Jews. They rejoiced at people's admiration for their alteration of the Scripture and at their praise of them for it.” (4)

(1) Al-Bukhari transmitted it in Kitab al-Tafsir (Book of Exegesis), in his commentary on Surat Al Imran, chapter: “Do not suppose that those who rejoice in what they have done,” 8:233; and Muslim in Kitab Sifat al-Munafiqin wa Ahkamihim (Characteristics and Rulings of the Hypocrites), no. 2777, 4:2142. (2) Al-Bukhari transmitted it in the same preceding place, and Muslim in the same place, no. 2778. (3) Tafsir al-Tabari, 7:466. (4) Tafsir al-Tabari, 7:469.

أَيْ: لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ يَا مُحَمَّدُ الْفَارِحِينَ وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْيَاءِ "لَا يَحْسَبَنَّ" الْفَارِحُونَ فَرَحَهُمْ مُنْجِيًا لَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ﴿فَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّهُمْ﴾ وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو: بِالْيَاءِ وَضَمِّ الْبَاءِ خَبَرًا عَنِ الْفَارِحِينَ، أَيْ فَلَا يَحْسَبُنَّ أَنْفُسَهُمْ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالتَّاءِ وَفَتْحِ الْبَاءِ أَيْ: فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّهُمْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَأَعَادَ قَوْلَهُ ﴿فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّهُمْ﴾ تَأْكِيدًا وَفِي حَرْفِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ﴿لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أَتَوْا وَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُحْمَدُوا بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا بِمَفَازَةٍ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ﴾ غَيْرِ تَكْرَارٍ. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِيمَنْ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي سعيد الخدري ٧٦/أأَنَّ رِجَالًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانُوا إِذَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْغَزْوِ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْهُ وَفَرِحُوا بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اعْتَذَرُوا إِلَيْهِ وَحَلَفُوا، وَأَحَبُّوا أَنْ يُحْمَدُوا بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا، فَنَزَلَتْ ﴿لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أَتَوْا﴾ (١) الْآيَةَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَنَا هِشَامٌ، أَنَّ ابْنَ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ: أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ أَنَّ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ وَقَّاصٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ لِبَوَّابِهِ: اذْهَبْ يَا رَافِعُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ فَقُلْ لَهُ: لَئِنْ كَانَ كُلُّ امْرِئٍ فَرِحَ بِمَا أُوتِيَ وَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يُحْمَدَ بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلْ مُعَذَّبًا لَنُعَذَّبَنَّ أَجْمَعُونَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا لَكُمْ وَلِهَذِهِ إِنَّمَا دَعَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَهُودَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَكَتَمُوهُ إِيَّاهُ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِغَيْرِهِ فَأَرَوْهُ أَنْ قَدِ اسْتُحْمِدُوا إِلَيْهِ بِمَا أَخْبَرُوهُ عَنْهُ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُمْ، وَفَرِحُوا بِمَا أَتَوْا مِنْ كِتْمَانِهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ ﴿وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ﴾ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أَتَوْا وَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُحْمَدُوا بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا﴾ (٢) . قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي فِنْحَاصَ وَأَشْيَعَ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ الْأَحْبَارِ يَفْرَحُونَ بِإِضْلَالِهِمُ النَّاسَ وَبِنِسْبَةِ النَّاسِ إِيَّاهُمْ إِلَى الْعِلْمِ وَلَيْسُوا بِأَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ (٣) . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هُمُ الْيَهُودُ فَرِحُوا بِإِعْجَابِ النَّاسِ بِتَبْدِيلِهِمُ الْكِتَابَ وَحَمْدِهِمْ إِيَّاهُمْ عَلَيْهِ (٤) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير تفسير سورة آل عمران باب "لا تحسبن الذين يفرحون بما أتوا" ٨ / ٢٣٣ ومسلم في صفات المنافقين وأحكامهم برقم (٢٧٧٧) : ٤ / ٢١٤٢. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الموضع السابق نفسه ومسلم في الموضع نفسه برقم (٢٧٧٨) . (٣) تفسير الطبري: ٧ / ٤٦٦. (٤) تفسير الطبري: ٧ / ٤٦٩.