Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/149)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and Abu Bakr recited both verbs in the third person, in accordance with His saying: “Yet they cast it behind their backs.” The other reciters read both in the second person, with an implied “He said”: “You must make it clear to the people and not conceal it.”

“Yet they cast it behind their backs,” that is, they cast it aside, neglected it, and abandoned acting upon it. “And they traded it for a paltry price,” meaning food and bribes. “How wretched is what they purchase!”

Qatadah said: “This is a covenant that Allah, Exalted is He, took from those endowed with knowledge: whoever knows something should teach it. Beware of concealing knowledge, for it leads to ruin.”

Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “Were it not for the covenant Allah took from the People of the Book, I would not have narrated anything to you.” Then he recited the verse: “And when Allah took a covenant from those who were given the Scripture...”

Abu al-Fadl Ziyad ibn Muhammad al-Hanafi narrated to us; Abu Mu'adh al-Shah ibn Abd al-Rahman informed us; Abu Bakr Umar ibn Sahl ibn Isma'il al-Dinawari informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa al-Burti informed us; Abu Hudhayfah Musa ibn Mas'ud informed us; Ibrahim ibn Tahman informed us, from Simak ibn Harb, from Ata' ibn Abi Rabah, from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever is asked about knowledge that he possesses, then conceals it, will be bridled with a bridle of fire on the Day of Resurrection.” (1)

Al-Hasan ibn Umarah said: “I came to al-Zuhri after he had stopped narrating hadiths, and found him at his door. I said, ‘Would you see fit to narrate to me?’ He replied, ‘Do you not know that I have stopped narrating hadiths?’ I said, ‘Either you narrate to me, or I will narrate to you.’ He said, ‘Then narrate to me.’ So I said, ‘Al-Hakam ibn Utaybah narrated to me, from Yahya ibn al-Jazzar, who said: I heard Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, say: Allah did not bind the ignorant to learn until He had bound those with knowledge to teach.’” He said: “So he narrated forty hadiths to me.” (2)

“Do not think that those who rejoice in what they have done and love to be praised for what they have not done—do not think that they will escape punishment. A painful punishment awaits them.” (188)

Regarding His words, “Do not think that those who rejoice in what they have done,” to the end of the verse: Asim, Hamzah, and al-Kisa'i recited “Do not think” with the second-person form,

(1) Abu Dawud transmitted it in *Kitab al-Ilm* (Book of Knowledge), chapter: “The Dislike of Withholding Knowledge,” 5:251; and al-Tirmidhi in *Kitab al-Ilm*, chapter: “What Has Been Reported Regarding Concealing Knowledge,” 7:407-408. He said: “A hasan (fair) hadith.” Al-Mundhiri cited al-Tirmidhi’s grading of it as hasan, then said: It has been narrated from Abu Hurayrah through routes subject to criticism. However, the route through which Abu Dawud transmitted it is hasan, for he narrated it from al-Tabudhaki, whose reports were relied upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim; from Hammad ibn Salamah, whose reports Muslim relied upon and al-Bukhari cited in corroboration; from Ali ibn al-Hakam, also known as Abu al-Hakam al-Banani, concerning whom Imam Ahmad said, “There is no objection to him”; and from Ata ibn Abi Rabah, whom both imams agreed to rely upon. Ibn Majah also transmitted it in the introduction, chapter: “One Who Is Asked about His Knowledge and Conceals It,” with the wording: “No man retains knowledge and conceals it except that he will be brought on the Day of Resurrection bridled with a bridle of fire,” no. 261, 1:96. Al-Hakim also transmitted it in *al-Mustadrak*, 1:101, and declared it authentic according to the criteria of al-Bukhari and Muslim; Ahmad transmitted it in *al-Musnad*, 1:161 and 2:263, as well as elsewhere; Ibn Abd al-Barr in *Jami Bayan al-Ilm*, p. 22; and the author in *Sharh al-Sunnah* (Commentary on the Sunnah), 1:301. (2) Al-Harith ibn Abi Usamah transmitted it: Abd al-Wahhab al-Khaffaqi informed us; al-Hasan ibn Umarah narrated to us; al-Hakam ibn Utaybah narrated to me from Yahya ibn al-Jazzar, who said, “I heard Ali,” then mentioned it... Al-Hasan is abandoned as a narrator. Through the route of al-Harith, it was also narrated by al-Tha'labi. Ibn Abd al-Barr mentioned it in his work on knowledge and said: “It is narrated from Ali...” The author of *al-Firdaws* also cited it from Ali. See *al-Kafi al-Shaf*, p. 35.

وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بِالْيَاءِ فِيهِمَا لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَنَبَذُوهُ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ﴾ وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالتَّاءِ فِيهَا عَلَى إِضْمَارِ الْقَوْلِ، ﴿فَنَبَذُوهُ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: طَرَحُوهُ وَضَيَّعُوهُ وَتَرَكُوا الْعَمَلَ بِهِ، ﴿وَاشْتَرَوْا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا﴾ يَعْنِي: الْمَآكِلَ وَالرُّشَا، ﴿فَبِئْسَ مَا يَشْتَرُونَ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هَذَا مِيثَاقٌ أَخَذَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فَمَنْ عَلِمَ شَيْئًا فَلْيُعَلِّمْهُ وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَكِتْمَانَ الْعِلْمِ فَإِنَّهُ هَلَكَةٌ. وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁: لَوْلَا مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَا حَدَّثْتُكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ﴿وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ﴾ الْآيَةَ. حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ زِيَادُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاذٍ الشَّاهُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الدَّيْنَوَرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْبِرْتِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ مُوسَى بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ سُئِلَ عَنْ عِلْمٍ يَعْلَمُهُ فَكَتَمَهُ أُلِجْمَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِلِجَامٍ مِنْ نَارٍ" (١) . وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ: أَتَيْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَرَكَ الْحَدِيثَ فَأَلْفَيْتُهُ عَلَى بَابِهِ فَقُلْتُ: إِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُحَدِّثَنِي؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنِّي قَدْ تَرَكْتُ الْحَدِيثَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: إِمَّا أَنْ تُحَدِّثَنِي وَإِمَّا أَنْ أُحَدِّثَكَ فَقَالَ: حَدِّثْنِي فَقُلْتُ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْجَزَّارِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ يَقُولُ: مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْجَهْلِ أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمُوا حَتَّى أَخَذَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يُعَلِّمُوا قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي أَرْبَعِينَ حَدِيثًا (٢) . ﴿لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أَتَوْا وَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُحْمَدُوا بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّهُمْ بِمَفَازَةٍ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (١٨٨) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ: ﴿لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أَتَوْا﴾ الْآيَةَ قَرَأَ عَاصِمٌ وَحَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ ﴿لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ﴾ بِالتَّاءِ،

(١) أخرجه أبو داود في العلم باب كراهية منع العلم: ٥ / ٢٥١ والترمذي في العلم باب ما جاء في كتمان العلم: ٧ / ٤٠٧ - ٤٠٨ وقال: حديث حسن. ونقل المنذري تحسين الترمذي له ثم قال: وقد روي عن أبي هريرة من طرق فيها مقال والطريق التي أخرجه بها أبو داود طريق حسن فإنه رواه عن التبوذكي وقد احتج به البخاري ومسلم - عن حماد بن مسلمة - وقد احتج به مسلم واستشهد به البخاري - عن علي بن الحكم وهو أبو الحكم البناني قال الإمام أحمد: ليس به بأس - عن عطاء بن أبي رباح وقد اتفق الإمامان على الاحتجاج به. وأخرجه أيضا ابن ماجه في المقدمة باب من سئل عن علمه فكتمه بلفظ "ما من رجل يحفظ علما فيكتمه إلا أتي به يوم القيامة ملجما بلجام من نار" برقم (٢٦١) : ١ / ٩٦. والحاكم في المستدرك: ١ / ١٠١ وصححه على شرط الشيخين وأحمد في المسند: ١ / ١٦١، ٢ / ٢٦٣ ومواضع أخرى وابن عبد البر في جامع بيان العلم ص ٢٢ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ٣٠١. (٢) أخرجه الحارث بن أبي أسامة أخبرنا عبد الوهاب الخفاقي حدثنا الحسن بن عمارة حدثني الحكم بن عتيبة عن يحيى بن الجزار قال سمعت عليا فذكره. . . والحسن متروك. ومن طريق الحارث رواه الثعلبي وذكره ابن عبد البر في العلم قال: ويروي عن علي. . وذكره صاحب الفردوس عن علي. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص (٣٥) .