Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/146)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Qatadah said: “It is a provision that is left behind, soon to perish along with its people. So take from this provision, through obedience to Allah, as much as you are able. Delusion is falsehood.”

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us; Ibn Harun informed us; Muhammad ibn Amr informed us, from Abu Salama, from Abu Hurayra, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah Most High says: ‘I have prepared for My righteous servants that which no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human heart has ever conceived.’” Read, if you wish: “No soul knows what comfort is kept hidden for them as a reward for what they used to do.” (al-Sajdah 17)

“In Paradise there is a tree in whose shade a rider may travel for a hundred years without crossing it.” Read, if you wish: “And an extended shade.” (al-Waqi‘ah 30)

“The space occupied by a whip in Paradise is better than this world and all that is in it.” Read, if you wish: “Whoever is drawn away from the Fire and admitted into Paradise has truly succeeded. The life of this world is nothing but the enjoyment of delusion.” (1)

“You will surely be tested in your wealth and yourselves, and you will surely hear much abuse from those who were given the Scripture before you and from those who associate others with Allah. But if you remain patient and mindful of Allah, then that is truly a matter requiring resolve. (186)”

Regarding His saying, “You will surely be tested in your wealth and yourselves,” Ikrimah, Muqatil, al-Kalbi, and Ibn Jurayj said: This verse was revealed concerning Abu Bakr and Finhas ibn Azura. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, sent Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, to Finhas ibn Azura, the chief of Banu Qaynuqa, to seek his support. He wrote him a letter and said to Abu Bakr: “Do not act independently of me in any matter until you return.” (2)

Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, came wearing his sword, handed him the letter, and when he read it, he said: “Your Lord has come to need us to support Him.” Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, then intended to strike him with the sword, but he remembered the Prophet’s words: “Do not act independently of me in any matter until you return.” So he restrained himself, and this verse was revealed. (3)

Al-Zuhri said: It was revealed concerning Ka‘b ibn al-Ashraf, for he would satirize the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and revile the Muslims,

(1) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in his Tafsir of Surah al-Waqi'ah, 9:179-180, who said: “Hasan sahih.” It was also reported by Ahmad in al-Musnad, 2:438, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah. Part of it was reported by al-Bukhari in the Book of Tafsir, chapter: “No soul knows what comfort for the eyes has been concealed for them,” 8:515, and in the Book of the Beginning of Creation; and by Muslim in the Book of Paradise and the Description of Its Bliss, no. 2824, 4:2174. The author also reported it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:208-209. (2) Whoever introduces and proceeds with a matter behind your back, without consulting you, and acts independently of you, has preempted you in that matter and usurped authority over you concerning it. Iftiat (acting unilaterally) is derived from fawt, meaning to take the initiative in a matter without seeking instruction or consultation. See Mahmud Shakir’s notes on al-Tabari, 7:455; and Ibn al-Athir, al-Nihayah, 3:477. (3) Al-Tabari, 7:455. Al-Suyuti attributed it in Lubab al-Nuqul, p. 126, to Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn al-Mundhir, stating: “Its chain of transmission is good.” See also Fath al-Bari, 8:231.

قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هِيَ مَتَاعٌ مَتْرُوكَةٌ يُوشِكُ أَنْ تَضْمَحِلَّ بِأَهْلِهَا فَخُذُوا مِنْ هَذَا الْمَتَاعِ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ وَالْغُرُورُ: الْبَاطِلُ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَخْبَرَنَا بن هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: أَعْدَدْتُ لِعِبَادِي الصَّالِحِينَ مَا لَا عَيْنٌ رَأَتْ وَلَا أُذُنٌ سَمِعَتْ وَلَا خَطَرَ عَلَى قَلْبِ بَشَرٍ" وَاقْرَءُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ "فَلَا تَعْلَمُ نَفْسٌ مَا أُخْفِيَ لَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَّةِ أَعْيُنٍ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ" (السَّجْدَةِ -١٧) وَإِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فِي ظِلِّهَا مِائَةَ عَامٍ لَا يَقْطَعُهَا وَاقْرَءُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ: "وَظِلٍّ مَمْدُودٍ" (الْوَاقِعَةِ -٣٠) وَلَمَوْضِعُ سَوْطٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا عَلَيْهَا وَاقْرَءُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ ﴿فَمَنْ زُحْزِحَ عَنِ النَّارِ وَأُدْخِلَ الْجَنَّةَ فَقَدْ فَازَ وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا مَتَاعُ الْغُرُورِ﴾ (١) . ﴿لَتُبْلَوُنَّ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا وَإِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ (١٨٦) ﴾ ﴿لَتُبْلَوُنَّ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ﴾ الْآيَةَ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَمُقَاتِلٌ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَفِنْحَاصَ بْنِ عَازُورَاءَ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِلَى فِنْحَاصَ بْنِ عَازُورَاءَ سَيِّدِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ لِيَسْتَمِدَّهُ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ كِتَابًا وَقَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵁ "لَا تَفْتَاتَنَّ (٢) عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ" فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ وَهُوَ مُتَوَشِّحٌ بِالسَّيْفِ فَأَعْطَاهُ الْكِتَابَ فَلَمَّا قَرَأَهُ قَالَ: قَدِ احْتَاجَ رَبُّكَ إِلَى أَنْ نُمِدَّهُ، فَهَمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ﵁ أَنْ يَضْرِبَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قَوْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: "لَا تَفْتَاتَنَّ عَلَيَّ بِشَيْءٍ حَتَّى تَرْجِعَ" فَكَفَّ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ (٣) . وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: نَزَلَتْ فِي كَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَهْجُو رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيَسُبُّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ،

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في تفسير سورة الواقعة: ٩ / ١٧٩ - ١٨٠ وقال حسن صحيح وأحمد في المسند: ٢ / ٤٣٨ عن أبي هريرة وأخرج بعضه البخاري في التفسير باب "فلا تعلم نفس ما أخفي لهم من قرة أعين" ٩: ٨ / ٥١٥ وفي بدء الخلق ومسلم في الجنة وصفة نعيمها برقم (٢٨٢٤) : ٤ / ٢١٧٤. وأخرجه المصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ٢٠٨ - ٢٠٩. (٢) كل من أحدث دونك شيئا ومضى عليه ولم يستشرك واستبد به دونك فقد فاتك بالشيء وافتات عليك له أو فيه. وهو "افتعال" من "الفوت" وهو السبق إلى الشيء دون ائتمار أو مشورة. وانظر: تعليق محمود شاكر على الطبري: ٧ / ٤٥٥ النهاية لابن الأثير: ٣ / ٤٧٧. (٣) الطبري: ٧ / ٤٥٥ وعزاه السيوطي في لباب النقول ص (١٢٦) لابن أبي حاتم وابن المنذر وقال: "إنه سند حسن" وانظر: فتح الباري: ٨ /٢٣١.