Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/142)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Let not those who withhold what Allah has given them of His bounty think that it is better for them. Rather, it is worse for them. On the Day of Resurrection, they will be encircled by what they withheld. And to Allah belongs the inheritance of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is All-Aware of what you do.” (180)

“Let not those who withhold what Allah has given them of His bounty think that it is better for them”: that is, let the miserly not think that miserliness is good for them. “Rather, it is”—meaning, miserliness—“worse for them. They will be encircled”: that is, they shall be encircled “by what they withheld on the Day of Resurrection.” This means that what he withheld of zakah will be made into a serpent that coils around his neck on the Day of Resurrection, biting him from above (1) down to his feet. This was the view of Ibn Mas‘ud, Ibn ‘Abbas, Abu Wa’il, al-Sha‘bi, and al-Suddi.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu‘aymi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; Ali ibn Abdullah al-Madini narrated to us; Hashim ibn al-Qasim narrated to us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Abdullah ibn Dinar informed us, from his father, from Abu Salih al-Samman, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever is given wealth by Allah but does not pay its zakah, his wealth will be represented for him on the Day of Resurrection as a bald-headed serpent with two black markings above its eyes. It will coil around his neck on the Day of Resurrection, then seize him by the corners of his mouth—that is, his jaws—and say, ‘I am your wealth; I am your treasure.’” He then recited, “Let not those who withhold…”—the verse. (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu‘aymi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il narrated to us; Amr ibn Hafs ibn Ghiyath narrated to us; my father narrated to us; al-A‘mash narrated to us, from al-Ma‘rur ibn Suwayd, from Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I came upon him—that is, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him—and he said: (3) “By Him in whose Hand is my soul—or by Him besides whom there is no god—or as he swore: There is no man who possesses camels, cattle, or sheep and does not give their due except that they will be brought before him on the Day of Resurrection in their greatest and fattest state. They will trample him with their hooves and gore him with their horns. Whenever the last of them has passed over him, the first of them will be brought back to him, until judgment is passed between the people.” (4)

Ibrahim al-Nakha‘i said: The meaning of the verse is that, on the Day of Resurrection, a collar of Fire will be placed around their necks. Mujahid said: On the Day of Resurrection, they will be charged with bringing forth the wealth which they withheld in this world.

‘Atiyyah related from Ibn ‘Abbas that this verse was revealed concerning the Jewish rabbis who concealed the description of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him,

(1) Manuscript A reads: “qarnah.” (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Zakah, chapter “The Sin of Withholding Zakah,” 3:268; also in his Kitab al-Tafsir and Kitab al-Hiyal. Al-Baghawi also included it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:478. (3) Manuscript B reads: “fa-qala” (then he said). (4) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Zakah, chapter “No Zakah Is Due on Fewer Than Five Camels,” 3:323; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Zakah, chapter “The Severe Punishment of One Who Does Not Pay Zakah,” no. 990, 2:686. Al-Baghawi also included it in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:477-478.

﴿وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ بَلْ هُوَ شَرٌّ لَهُمْ سَيُطَوَّقُونَ مَا بَخِلُوا بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَاثُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ (١٨٠) ﴾ ﴿وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ هُوَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الْبَاخِلُونَ الْبُخْلَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ، ﴿بَلْ هُوَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْبُخْلَ، ﴿شَرٌّ لَهُمْ سَيُطَوَّقُونَ﴾ أَيْ: سَوْفَ يُطَوَّقُونَ ﴿مَا بَخِلُوا بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ يَعْنِي: يَجْعَلُ مَا مَنَعَهُ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ حَيَّةً تُطَوَّقُ فِي عُنُقِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ تَنْهَشُهُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِ (١) إِلَى قَدَمِهِ وَهَذَا قَوْلُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي وَائِلٍ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ وَالسُّدِّيِّ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَدِينِيُّ، أَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ السَّمَّانِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَنْ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالًا فَلَمْ يُؤَدِّ زَكَاتَهُ مُثِّلَ لَهُ مَالُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ شُجَاعًا أَقْرَعَ لَهُ زَبِيبَتَانِ يُطَوِّقُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ بِلِهْزِمَتَيْهِ يَعْنِي شِدْقَيْهِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: أَنَا مَالُكَ، أَنَا كَنْزُكَ، ثُمَّ تَلَا ﴿وَلَا يَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ﴾ الْآيَةَ" (٢) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، أَنَا أَبِي، أَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنِ الْمَعْرُورِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ﵁ قَالَ: انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ يَعْنِي: النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ (٣) . "وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، أَوْ وَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ، أَوْ كَمَا حَلَفَ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَكُونُ لَهُ إِبِلٌ أَوْ بَقَرٌ أَوْ غَنَمٌ لَا يُؤَدِّي حَقَّهَا إِلَّا أُتِيَ بِهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَعْظَمَ مَا يَكُونُ وَأَسْمَنَهُ تَطَؤُهُ بِأَخْفَافِهَا وَتَنْطَحُهُ بِقُرُونِهَا كُلَّمَا جَازَتْ أُخْرَاهَا رُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ أُوْلَاهَا حَتَّى يُقْضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ" (٤) . قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ: مَعْنَى الْآيَةِ يَجْعَلُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ طَوْقًا مِنَ النَّارِ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: يُكَلَّفُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمَا بَخِلُوا بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ. وَرَوَى عَطِيَّةُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي أَحْبَارِ الْيَهُودِ الَّذِينَ كَتَمُوا صِفَةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ

(١) في أ: (قرنة) . (٢) أخرجه البخاري في الزكاة باب إثم مانع الزكاة: ٣ / ٢٦٨ وفي التفسير وفي الحيل والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٤٧٨. (٣) في ب: (فقال) . (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الزكاة باب ليس دون خمس ذود صدقة: ٣ / ٣٢٣ ومسلم في الزكاة باب تغليظ عقوبة من لا يؤدي الزكاة برقم (٩٩٠) : ٢ / ٦٨٦. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٤٧٧ - ٤٧٨.