Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/136)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Regarding His saying, exalted is He: “Those who answered Allah and the Messenger”—the verse: When Abu Sufyan and his companions withdrew from Uhud and reached al-Rawha’, they regretted their withdrawal, reproached one another, and said, “You neither killed Muhammad nor took the young women captive. You struck them down until none but the scattered remnants remained, then you left them? Return and wipe them out!”

When this reached the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, he wished to intimidate the enemy and demonstrate the strength of himself and his Companions. He therefore called upon his Companions to go out in pursuit of Abu Sufyan. A group of them responded, despite the wounds and injuries they had sustained on the day of Uhud. The herald of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, announced: “Let no one go out with us except one who was present with us yesterday.”

Jabir ibn Abdullah spoke to him and said, “O Messenger of Allah, my father had left me in charge of seven sisters and said to me: ‘My son, it is not fitting for either you or me to leave these women with no man among them. Nor would I prefer you over myself in jihad alongside the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. So remain behind with your sisters.’ Thus, I remained behind with them.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, then gave him permission, and he went out with him.

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out only to intimidate the enemy and to ensure that word reached them that he had gone out in pursuit of them, so that they would believe him to possess strength and realize that what had befallen them had not weakened them, and thus withdraw.

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set out with Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Talhah, al-Zubayr, Sa’d, Sa’id, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Abdullah ibn Mas’ud, Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman, and Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah, along with seventy men, may Allah be pleased with them, until they reached Hamra’ al-Asad, which lies eight miles from Medina. (1)

It is narrated from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said to Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr: “O son of my sister, by Allah, your father and your grandfather”—meaning Abu Bakr and al-Zubayr—“were indeed among those concerning whom Allah, mighty and majestic is He, said: ‘Those who answered Allah and the Messenger after they had been wounded.’” (2)

Then Ma’bad al-Khuza’i passed by the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, at Hamra’ al-Asad. Khuza’ah—both its Muslims and its disbelievers—were trusted confidants of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in Tihamah; their agreement with him was that they would conceal nothing from him of what occurred there. Ma’bad was still a polytheist at that time. He said, “O Muhammad, by Allah, we were deeply grieved by what befell you among your Companions, and we wished that Allah Most High had spared you this affliction.”

Then he left the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and met Abu Sufyan and those with him at al-Rawha’, where they had resolved to return against the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. They were saying, “We have struck the greater part of his Companions and their leaders. Let us return against those who remain and finish them off.”

When Abu Sufyan saw Ma’bad, he said, “What news do you bring, Ma’bad?” He replied, “Muhammad has come out with his Companions in pursuit of you, with a force the like of which I have never seen. They are burning with rage against you. Those who had stayed behind from him on your day have now joined him, regretting what they had done; and they are filled with a fury against you the like of which I have never seen.”

He said, “Woe to you! What are you saying?” He replied, “By Allah, I do not think you will depart before you see the forelocks of the horses…”

(1) See Sirat Ibn Hisham, 2:143-144; Tafsir al-Tabari, 7:400-401. (2) A sound hadith reported by al-Hakim, who declared it authentic according to the criteria of al-Bukhari and Muslim; al-Dhahabi concurred, 2:298. It is also recorded in both Sahihs, with a variation concerning the address to Urwah ibn al-Zubayr. Al-Bukhari narrated it in Kitab al-Maghazi, chapter: “Those who responded to Allah and the Messenger,” 7:373; and Muslim.

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ﴾ الْآيَةَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ لَمَّا انْصَرَفُوا مِنْ أُحُدٍ فَبَلَغُوا الرَّوْحَاءَ نَدِمُوا عَلَى انْصِرَافِهِمْ وَتَلَاوَمُوا وَقَالُوا: لَا مُحَمَّدًا قَتَلْتُمْ وَلَا الْكَوَاعِبَ أَرْدَفْتُمْ، قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا الشَّرِيدُ تَرَكْتُمُوهُمُ؟ ارْجِعُوا فَاسْتَأْصِلُوهُمْ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُرْهِبَ الْعَدُوَّ وَيُرِيَهُمْ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ قُوَّةً فَنَدَبَ أَصْحَابَهُ لِلْخُرُوجِ فِي طَلَبِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، فَانْتَدَبَ عِصَابَةً مِنْهُمْ مَعَ مَا بِهِمْ مِنَ الْجُرْحِ وَالْقَرْحِ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ وَنَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَلَا لَا يَخْرُجَنَّ مَعَنَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا مَنْ حَضَرَ يَوْمَنَا بِالْأَمْسِ فَكَلَّمَهُ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبِي كَانَ قَدْ خَلَفَنِي عَلَى أَخَوَاتٍ لِي سَبْعٍ، وَقَالَ لِي يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِي وَلَا لَكَ أَنْ نَتْرُكَ هَؤُلَاءِ النِّسْوَةَ لَا رَجُلَ فِيهِنَّ وَلَسْتُ بِالَّذِي أُوثِرُكَ عَلَى نَفْسِي فِي الْجِهَادِ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَخَلَّفْ عَلَى أَخَوَاتِكَ، فَتَخَلَّفْتُ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ. وَإِنَّمَا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُرْهِبًا لِلْعَدُوِّ وَلِيُبْلِغَهُمْ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ فِي طَلَبِهِمْ فَيَظُنُّوا بِهِ قُوَّةً وَأَنَّ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ لَمْ يُوهِنْهُمْ فَيَنْصَرِفُوا. فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ وَعَلِيٌّ وَطَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَسَعْدٌ وَسَعِيدٌ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ وَحُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ فِي سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا ﵃ حَتَّى بَلَغُوا حَمْرَاءَ الْأَسَدِ وَهِيَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةِ أَمْيَالٍ (١) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ أَبَاكَ وَجَدَّكَ -تَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَالزُّبَيْرَ -لَمِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِيهِمْ: ﴿الَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَصَابَهُمُ الْقَرْحُ﴾ (٢) فَمَرَّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعْبَدٌ الْخُزَاعِيُّ بِحَمْرَاءِ الْأَسَدِ وَكَانَتْ خُزَاعَةُ -مُسْلِمُهُمْ وَكَافِرُهُمْ -عَيْبَةَ نُصْحِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِتِهَامَةَ صَفْقَتُهُمْ مَعَهُ لَا يُخْفُونَ عَنْهُ شَيْئًا كَانَ بِهَا، وَمَعْبَدٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُشْرِكٌ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَزَّ عَلَيْنَا مَا أَصَابَكَ فِي أَصْحَابِكَ وَلَوَدِدْنَا أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى كَانَ قَدْ أَعْفَاكَ مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى لَقِيَ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا الرَّجْعَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالُوا: لَقَدْ أَصَبْنَا جُلَّ أَصْحَابِهِ وَقَادَتِهِمْ لَنَكِرَّنَّ عَلَى بَقِيَّتِهِمْ فَلْنَفْرُغَنَّ مِنْهُمْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَبُو سُفْيَانَ مَعْبَدًا قَالَ: مَا وَرَاءَكَ يَا مَعْبَدُ؟ قَالَ: مُحَمَّدٌ قَدْ خَرَجَ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ يَطْلُبُكُمْ فِي جَمْعٍ لَمْ أَرَ مِثْلَهُ قَطُّ يَتَحَرَّقُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ تَحَرُّقًا، قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُ مَنْ كَانَ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ فِي يَوْمِكُمْ وَنَدِمُوا عَلَى صَنِيعِهِمْ، وَفِيهِمْ مِنَ الْحَنَقِ عَلَيْكُمْ شَيْءٌ لَمْ أَرَ مِثْلَهُ قَطُّ، قَالَ: وَيْلَكَ مَا تَقُولُ؟ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَاكَ تَرْحَلُ حَتَّى تَرَى نَوَاصِيَ الْخَيْلِ،

(١) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام: ٢ / ١٤٣ - ١٤٤ تفسير الطبري: ٧ / ٤٠٠ - ٤٠١. (٢) حديث صحيح أخرجه الحاكم وصححه على شرط الشيخين ووافقه الذهبي: ٢ / ٢٩٨ وهو في الصحيحين باختلاف في توجيه الخطاب لعروة بن الزبير أخرجه البخاري في المغازي باب (الذين استجابوا لله والرسول) : ٧ / ٣٧٣ ومسلم.