Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/131)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Hammad narrated to us; Abu Muawiyah narrated to us from al-Amash, from Abdullah ibn Murrah, from Masruq, who said: We asked Abdullah—that is, Ibn Masud, may Allah be pleased with him—about this verse: “Do not think those who have been killed in Allah’s cause to be dead; rather, they are alive with their Lord, receiving provision.” He said: We had indeed asked about that, and he said: “Their souls are like green birds.” It is also narrated: “Within the bodies of green birds, they have lamps suspended from the Throne. They roam about Paradise wherever they wish, then return to lamps suspended from the Throne. While they are in that state, your Lord looks upon them and says, ‘Ask Me for whatever you wish.’ They say, ‘Our Lord, how could we ask You for anything when we roam about Paradise wherever we wish?’ When they realized that they would not be left without asking for something, they said, ‘We ask You to return our souls to our bodies so that we may be killed in Your cause once more.’ When He saw that this was all they would ask for, they were left as they were.” (1)

Abu Said al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Thalabi narrated to us; Abdullah ibn Hamid informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Shadhan narrated to us; Jiwayyah narrated to us; Salih ibn Muhammad narrated to us; Sulayman ibn Amr narrated to us from Ismail ibn Umayyah, from Ata ibn Abi Rabah, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “When your brothers were killed on the day of Uhud, Allah placed their souls within the bodies of green birds. They come to the rivers of Paradise, eat from its fruits, roam about Paradise wherever they wish, and then return to lamps of gold beneath the Throne. When they saw the goodness of their resting place, their food, and their drink, and saw the honor Allah had prepared for them, they said, ‘Would that our people knew of the bliss in which we dwell and what Allah has done for us, so that they would be eager for jihad and would not hold back from it.’ Allah then said, ‘I shall inform others about you and convey this to your brothers.’ So they rejoiced and received glad tidings. Then Allah Most High revealed: ‘Do not think those who have been killed in Allah’s cause to be dead,’ up to His saying: ‘Allah does not allow the reward of the believers to be lost.’” (2)

I heard Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi say: I heard al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Qutaybi (3) say: I heard Muhammad (4) ibn Abdullah ibn Yusuf say: I heard Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bakri say: I heard Yahya ibn Habib ibn Arabi,

(1) Recorded by Muslim, Kitab al-Imarah, chapter on the fact that the souls of the martyrs are in Paradise, no. 1887, 3:1502; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 10:364. (2) Recorded by Abu Dawud, Kitab al-Jihad, chapter on the virtue of martyrdom, 3:373-374. Al-Mundhiri stated: al-Daraqutni mentioned that Abdullah ibn Idris alone narrated it from Muhammad ibn Ishaq; others narrate it from Ibn Ishaq without mentioning Sa'id ibn Jubayr. It was also recorded by al-Hakim in al-Mustadrak, 2:88, 297, who authenticated it according to Muslim's criteria; by Imam Ahmad in al-Musnad, 1:266, on the authority of Ibn Abbas; and by al-Tabari in his Tafsir, 7:285. See Shaykh Ahmad Shakir's comments on the hadith in the same place. In al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 34, Ibn Hajar attributed it to Ibn Abi Shaybah, Abu Ya'la, and al-Bazzar, all through Ibn Abbas, with a more complete wording. The basis of the hadith is found in Muslim through the previously cited report of Ibn Mas'ud. Al-Suyuti also attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Dala'il. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 2:371. Ibn Kathir also cited it in his Tafsir, 1:428, and Shaykh Ahmad Shakir authenticated it in his commentary on Mukhtasar Sunan Abi Dawud, 3:374. (3) In manuscript (A): “al-Laythi.” (4) In manuscript (A): “Ahmad.”

أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، أَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ (هُوَ بن مَسْعُودٍ) ﵄ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ: ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ﴾ الْآيَةَ قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّا قَدْ سَأَلْنَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: "أَرْوَاحُهُمْ كَطَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ" وَيُرْوَى "فِي جَوْفِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ لَهَا قَنَادِيلُ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِالْعَرْشِ تَسْرَحُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فِي أَيِّهَا شَاءَتْ ثُمَّ تَأْوِي إِلَى قَنَادِيلَ مُعَلَّقَةٍ بِالْعَرْشِ فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ اطِّلَاعَةً فَقَالَ: سَلُونِي مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَبُّ كَيْفَ نَسْأَلُكَ وَنَحْنُ نَسْرَحُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فِي أَيِّهَا شِئْنَا؟ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا أَنْ لَا يُتْرَكُوا مِنْ أَنْ يَسْأَلُوا شَيْئًا قَالُوا: إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَرُدَّ أَرْوَاحَنَا إِلَى أَجْسَادِنَا نُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِكَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ إِلَّا هَذَا تُرِكُوا" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَامِدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ، أَنَا جيعويةُ أَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ قَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَمَّا أُصِيبَ إِخْوَانُكُمْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ فِي أَجْوَافِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ تَرِدُ أَنْهَارَ الْجَنَّةِ وَتَأْكُلُ مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا وَتَسْرَحُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ وَتَأْوِي إِلَى قَنَادِيلَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا طِيبَ مَقِيلِهِمْ وَمَطْعَمِهِمْ وَمَشْرَبِهِمْ وَرَأَوْا مَا أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ مِنَ الكرامة قالوا: ياليت قَوْمَنَا يَعْلَمُونَ مَا نَحْنُ فِيهِ مِنَ النَّعِيمِ وَمَا صَنَعَ اللَّهُ بِنَا كَيْ يَرْغَبُوا فِي الْجِهَادِ وَلَا يَتَّكِلُوا عَنْهُ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَنَا مُخْبِرٌ عَنْكُمْ وَمُبَلِّغٌ إِخْوَانَكُمْ فَفَرِحُوا بِذَلِكَ وَاسْتَبْشَرُوا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا﴾ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾ " (٢) . سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْوَاحِدِ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ الْمُلَيْحِيَّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ الْقُتَيْبِيَّ (٣) قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ (٤) بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبَكْرِيَّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ حَبِيبِ بْنِ عَرَبِيٍّ

(١) أخرجه مسلم في الإمارة باب بيان أن أرواح الشهداء في الجنة. . . برقم (١٨٨٧) ٣ / ١٥٠٢. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٠ / ٣٦٤. (٢) أخرجه أبو داود في الجهاد باب فضل الشهادة: ٣ / ٣٧٣ - ٣٧٤ قال المنذري: وذكر الدارقطني أن عبد الله بن ادريس تفرد به عن محمد بن إسحاق وغيره يرويه عن ابن إسحاق لا يذكر فيه سعيد بن جبير. وأخرجه الحاكم في المستدرك: ٢ / ٨٨، ٢٩٧ وصححه على شرط مسلم والإمام أحمد في المسند: ١ / ٢٦٦ عن ابن عباس. والطبري في التفسير: ٧ / ٢٨٥ وانظر ما كتبه الشيخ أحمد شاكر عن الحديث في الموضع نفسه. وعزاه ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (٣٤) لابن أبي شيبة وأبي يعلى والبزار كلهم من حديث ابن عباس به وأتم منه. وأصل الحديث عند مسلم من حديث ابن مسعود السابق. وعزاه السيوطي أيضا لعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر والبيهقي في الدلائل. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٢ / ٣٧١ وذكره ابن كثير في التفسير: ١ / ٤٢٨ وصححه الشيخ أحمد شاكر في تعليقه على مختصر سنن أبي داود: ٣ / ٣٧٤. (٣) في "أ": "الليثي". (٤) في "أ": "أحمد".