Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/114)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

al-Numan was struck that day when his eye fell upon his cheek. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, restored it to its place, and it returned to being as beautiful as it had ever been.

When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, withdrew, Ubayy ibn Khalaf al-Jumahi caught up with him, saying, “May I not survive if you survive!” The people said, “Messenger of Allah, shall not one of us deal with him?” He said, “Leave him.”

When he drew near, Ubayy had previously used to meet the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and say, “I have a mare which I feed a measure of millet every day; I will kill you upon it.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would reply, “Rather, I will kill you, if Allah wills.”

When he came near, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took a spear from al-Harith ibn al-Simmah, faced him, and thrust him in the neck, merely grazing him. Ubayy tumbled from his horse, bellowing like a bull and crying, “Muhammad has killed me!” His companions took hold of him and said, “There is no harm done to you.” He replied, “Indeed there is! If this wound had been inflicted upon Rabi'ah and Mudar, it would have killed them. Did he not say to me, ‘I will kill you’? By Allah, even if he had spat upon me after making that statement, it would have killed me.” He survived no more than a day before dying at a place called Sarif.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Amr ibn Ali informed us; Abu Asim informed us, from Ibn Jurayj, from Amr ibn Dinar, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: “Allah's wrath is severe against one whom a Prophet kills, 70/b and Allah's wrath is severe against one who bloodies the face of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.” (1)

They said: The report that Muhammad had been killed spread among the people. Some of the Muslims said, “If only we had a messenger to Abdullah ibn Ubayy, so that he might secure protection for us from Abu Sufyan.” Some of the Companions sat down and gave up, while some hypocrites said, “If Muhammad has been killed, then return to your former religion.”

Anas ibn al-Nadr, the uncle of Anas ibn Malik, said, “O people, if Muhammad has been killed, the Lord of Muhammad has not been killed. What use is life after the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace? Fight for that for which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, fought, and die upon that upon which he died.” Then he said, “O Allah, I declare myself innocent before You of what these people”—meaning the Muslims—“are saying, and I disavow before You what these people”—meaning the hypocrites—“have brought forth.” He then charged with his sword and fought until he was killed.

Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made his way toward the rock, calling the people. The first to recognize the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was Kab ibn Malik. He said, “I recognized his eyes shining beneath his helmet, so I called out at the top of my voice: ‘O assembly of Muslims, rejoice! This is the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace!’” He gestured to me to remain silent. A group of his Companions then gathered around him, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, reproached them for fleeing. They said, “O Prophet of Allah, may our fathers and mothers be ransomed for you! News reached us that you had been killed, so our hearts were struck with terror and we fled.” Thereupon Allah Most High revealed this verse: (2)

“Muhammad is no more than a messenger; messengers have passed away before him.”

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Maghazi (Book of Military Expeditions), chapter: “The wounds suffered by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, on the day of Uhud,” 7:372. (2) Reported by Ibn Ishaq in al-Sirah, through Ja'far ibn Abd Allah ibn Aslam, the freedman of Umar ibn al-Khattab, from a man of the Ansar of Banu Salimah. See Sirat Ibn Hisham, 2:127-132; al-Iktifa by al-Kala'i, 2:90 ff.; Asbab al-Nuzul by al-Wahidi, p. 158; and al-Kafi al-Shaf by Ibn Hajar, pp. 32-33.

النُّعْمَانِ يَوْمَئِذٍ حِينَ وَقَعَتْ عَلَى وَجْنَتِهِ، فَرَدَّهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَانَهَا، فَعَادَتْ كَأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانَتْ. فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَدْرَكَهُ أُبَيُّ بْنُ خَلَفٍ الْجُمَحِيُّ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَا نَجَوْتُ إِنْ نَجَوْتَ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا يَعْطِفَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا؟ فَقَالَ ﷺ: دَعُوهُ حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَا مِنْهُ وَكَانَ أُبَيٌّ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ يَلْقَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَقُولُ: عِنْدِي رَمْكَةٌ أَعْلِفُهَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ فَرْقَ ذُرَةٍ أَقْتُلُكَ عَلَيْهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بَلْ أَنَا أَقْتُلُكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنْهُ تَنَاوَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْحَرْبَةَ مِنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الصِّمَّةِ ثُمَّ اسْتَقْبَلَهُ فَطَعَنَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ فَخَدَشَهُ خَدْشَةً فَتَدَهْدَأَ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ وَهُوَ يَخُورُ كَمَا يَخُورُ الثَّوْرُ، وَيَقُولُ: قَتَلَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ وَقَالُوا: لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ بَأْسٌ قَالَ: بَلَى لَوْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الطَّعْنَةُ بِرَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَرَ لَقَتَلَتْهُمْ، أَلَيْسَ قَالَ لِي: أَقْتُلُكَ؟ فَلَوْ بَزَقَ عَلَيَّ بَعْدَ تِلْكَ الْمَقَالَةِ لَقَتَلَنِي، فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ إِلَّا يَوْمًا حَتَّى مَاتَ بِمَوْضِعٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ سَرِفَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمُلَيْحِيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ: اشْتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَنْ قتله نبي ٧٠/ب وَاشْتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللَّهِ عَلَى مَنْ دَمَّى وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ (١) . قَالُوا: وَفَشَا فِي النَّاسِ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ قُتِلَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: لَيْتَ لَنَا رَسُولًا إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ فَيَأْخُذُ لَنَا أَمَانًا مِنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَبَعْضُ الصَّحَابَةِ جَلَسُوا وَأَلْقَوْا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَقَالَ أُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ النِّفَاقِ: إِنْ كَانَ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ قُتِلَ فَالْحَقُوا بِدِينِكُمُ الْأَوَّلِ، فَقَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ عَمُّ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: يَا قَوْمُ إِنْ كَانَ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَإِنَّ رَبَّ مُحَمَّدٍ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ وَمَا تَصْنَعُونَ بِالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَاتِلُوا عَلَى مَا قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمُوتُوا عَلَى مَا مَاتَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ يَعْنِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا جَاءَ بِهِ هَؤُلَاءِ يَعْنِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ، ثُمَّ شَدَّ بِسَيْفِهِ فَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ وَهُوَ يَدْعُو النَّاسَ فَأَوَّلُ مَنْ عَرَفَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ عَرَفْتُ عَيْنَيْهِ تَحْتَ الْمِغْفَرِ تُزْهِرَانِ فَنَادَيْتُ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِي: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَبْشِرُوا هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيَّ أَنِ اسْكُتْ فَانْحَازَتْ إِلَيْهِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَامَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى الْفِرَارِ فَقَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ فَدَيْنَاكَ بِآبَائِنَا وَأُمَّهَاتِنَا، أَتَانَا الْخَبَرُ بِأَنَّكَ قَدْ قُتِلْتَ فَرُعِبَتْ قُلُوبُنَا فَوَلَّيْنَا مُدْبِرِينَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٢) ﴿وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ﴾

(١) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي باب ما أصاب النبي ﷺ من الجراح يوم أحد: ٧ / ٣٧٢. (٢) أخرجه ابن إسحاق في السيرة من طريق جعفر بن عبد الله بن أسلم مولى عمر بن الخطاب عن رجل من الأنصار من بني سلمة. . سيرة ابن هشام: ٢ / ١٢٧ - ١٣٢ وانظر: الاكتفاء للكلاعي: ٢ / ٩٠ وما بعدها أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (١٥٨) الكافي الشاف لابن حجر ص (٣٢ - ٣٣) .