Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (2/112)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And so that Allah may purify the believers and annihilate the disbelievers.” (141)

“And so that Allah may purify the believers”: that is, cleanse them of sins. “And annihilate the disbelievers”: that is, eradicate and destroy them. Its meaning is that if they kill you, it is a purification for you; and if you kill them, it is their annihilation and eradication.

“Or did you think that you would enter Paradise before Allah had made evident those among you who strive, and made evident those who are steadfast? And you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it; now you have seen it while looking on. Muhammad is no more than a messenger; messengers have passed on before him. If he were to die or be killed, would you turn back on your heels? Whoever turns back on his heels will not harm Allah in the least, and Allah will reward the grateful.” (142–144)

“Or did you think”: Did you suppose? “That you would enter Paradise before Allah had made evident”—that is, before Allah had made known—“those among you who strive, and made evident those who are steadfast.” (1)

“And you had certainly wished for death before you encountered it”: This was because a group of Muslims had wished for a day like the day of Badr, so that they might fight and attain martyrdom. Allah then showed them the day of Uhud. His saying, “you had wished for death,” means: you had wished for the cause of death, namely jihad, before you encountered it. “Now you have seen it,” meaning, its causes.

If it is asked: What is the meaning of His saying, “while looking on,” after His saying, “now you have seen it”? It is said: It was mentioned for emphasis. It is also said that seeing can mean knowing, so He said, “while looking on,” to make clear that what is meant by seeing here is actual sight. And it is said: while you were looking at Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

Concerning His saying, exalted is He, “Muhammad is no more than a messenger; messengers have passed on before him”: The scholars of the campaigns said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, marched out with seven hundred men until he encamped in the mountain pass of Uhud. He appointed Abdullah ibn Jubayr—the brother of Khawwat ibn Jubayr—over the infantry, who numbered fifty men, and said: “Remain at the foot of the mountain and defend us with arrows, so that they may not come upon us from behind. Whether victory is for us or against us, do not leave your positions until I send word to you, for we shall continue to prevail as long as you remain at your posts.”

Quraysh then arrived, with Khalid ibn al-Walid on their right flank and Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl on their left. The women were with them, beating tambourines and reciting poetry. They fought until the battle grew fierce. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took a sword and said, “Who will take this sword with its due right and strike the enemy with it until he inflicts devastating wounds?” Abu Dujanah Simak ibn Kharashah (3), an Ansari, took it; and when he took it,

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) See Sirat Ibn Hisham, 2:127 ff., together with al-Rawd al-Unuf; and Tabaqat Ibn Sad, 2:36 ff. (3) In manuscript A: “harb” (“war”). See Usd al-Ghabah, 2:451.

﴿وَلِيُمَحِّصَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَيَمْحَقَ الْكَافِرِينَ (١٤١) ﴾ ﴿وَلِيُمَحِّصَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ أَيْ: يُطَهِّرَهُمْ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ، ﴿وَيَمْحَقَ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ يُفْنِيهِمْ وَيُهْلِكُهُمْ مَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ قَتَلُوكُمْ فَهُوَ تَطْهِيرٌ لَكُمْ، وَإِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ فَهُوَ مَحْقُهُمْ وَاسْتِئْصَالُهُمْ. ﴿أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا مِنْكُمْ وَيَعْلَمَ الصَّابِرِينَ (١٤٢) وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ (١٤٣) وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ (١٤٤) ﴾ ﴿أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ﴾ أَحَسِبْتُمْ؟ ﴿أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ﴾ [أَيْ: وَلَمْ يَعْلَمِ اللَّهُ] (١) ﴿الَّذِينَ جَاهَدُوا مِنْكُمْ وَيَعْلَمَ الصَّابِرِينَ﴾ ﴿وَلَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ قَوْمًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَمَنَّوْا يَوْمًا كَيَوْمِ بَدْرٍ لِيُقَاتِلُوا وَيُسْتَشْهَدُوا فَأَرَاهُمُ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ وَقَوْلُهُ ﴿تَمَنَّوْنَ الْمَوْتَ﴾ أَيْ: سَبَبَ الْمَوْتِ وَهُوَ الْجِهَادُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَلْقَوْهُ، ﴿فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ﴾ يَعْنِي: أَسْبَابَهُ. فَإِنْ قِيلَ: مَا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ﴾ بَعْدَ قَوْلِهِ: ﴿فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ﴾ قِيلَ: ذَكَرَهُ تَأْكِيدًا وَقِيلَ: الرُّؤْيَةُ قَدْ تَكُونُ بِمَعْنَى الْعِلْمِ، فَقَالَ: ﴿وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ﴾ لِيَعْلَمَ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالرُّؤْيَةِ النَّظَرُ، وَقِيلَ: وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ﴾ قَالَ أَصْحَابُ الْمُغَازِي (٢) خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِالشِّعْبِ مِنْ أُحُدٍ فِي سَبْعِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، وَجَعَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ وَهُوَ أَخُو خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَلَى الرَّجَّالَةِ وَكَانُوا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا وَقَالَ: أَقِيمُوا بِأَصْلِ الْجَبَلِ وَانْضَحُوا عَنَّا بِالنَّبْلِ لَا يَأْتُونَا مِنْ خَلْفِنَا، فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَنَا أَوْ عَلَيْنَا فَلَا تَبْرَحُوا مَكَانَكُمْ حَتَّى أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْكُمْ فَإِنَّا لَنْ نَزَالَ غَالِبِينَ مَا ثَبَتُّمْ مَكَانَكُمْ فَجَاءَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَعَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِمْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَعَلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِمْ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ وَمَعَهُمُ النِّسَاءُ يَضْرِبْنَ بِالدُّفُوفِ وَيَقُلْنَ الْأَشْعَارَ فَقَاتَلُوا حَتَّى حَمِيَتِ الْحَرْبُ فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَيْفًا فَقَالَ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ هَذَا السَّيْفَ بِحَقِّهِ وَيَضْرِبُ بِهِ الْعَدُوَّ حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ، فَأَخَذَهُ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ سِمَاكُ بْنُ خَرَشَةَ (٣) الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَلَمَّا

(١) زيادة من (ب) . (٢) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام ٢ / ١٢٧ وما بعدها مع الروض الأنف طبقات ابن سعد: ٢ / ٣٦ وما بعدها. (٣) في "أ": حرب وانظر: أسد الغابة: ٢ / ٤٥١.